Treasury Analytical Note : Insights from New Zealand child poverty data

These detailed outputs accompany the analytical note https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/an/an-22-04

This analytical note outlines an approach that uses the available data to provide insights into three different indicators of poverty, making use of recent data and modelling improvements. It applies a statistical algorithm to identify seven different categories of children in poverty and describes the characteristics of children in each group.

To focus on children near or under at least one poverty threshold, we defined our population of interest to be in households with either equivalised before-housing-cost incomes in the bottom 20%, after-housing-cost incomes in the bottom 20%, or Dep17 scores of 5 or more. This includes the 270,000 children who are in poverty according to at least one of the main indicators but is a larger group including a total of 360,000 children (approximately 30% of children in New Zealand).

The clustering algorithm described in the report identified seven categories within this population. Children in families who are mainly supported by core benefits represent three groups, and children in families that are mainly supported by market income represent the remaining four. Some children could be considered to fall between groups, so the total numbers of children in each group should be considered indicative.

The tables below describe the characteristics of each group.

Groups

• Ben1: Beneficiary, extreme hardship

• Ben2: Beneficiary, hardship with high housing costs

• Ben3: Beneficiary, low income with some hardship

• Working1: Working, extreme hardship

• Working2: Working, hardship

• Working3: Working, high housing costs but no hardship

• Working4: Working, low incomes but no hardship

These detailed results have been derived by the author using the TAWA model. They are indicative of the characteristics of each group.

Modelling assumptions

Source: Authors calculations. These results have not gone through Treasury’s rigorous QA process that is used for costings and official advice.

• This analysis was carried out using Treasury’s micro-simulation model of the tax and welfare system - TAWA. All calculations should be considered as estimations.

• Estimates are for the 2019/20 tax year using HES 2019/20 augmented using IDI data.

• The modified OECD equivalisation scale is used to calculate equivalised incomes.

• A take-up rate (a model based on admin recipients) has been applied to the Accommodation Supplement when the expected number of recipients changes. Recipients are in the first case based on receipt in the admin data.

• Apparent inconsistencies in totals are due to rounding and/or suppression, with estimates being suppressed if they did not meet the confidentiality requirements of Statistics NZ.

IDI Disclaimer

These results are not official statistics. They have been created for research purposes from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) which is carefully managed by Stats NZ. For more information about the IDI please visit https://www.stats.govt.nz/integrated-data/. The results are based in part on tax data supplied by Inland Revenue to Stats NZ under the Tax Administration Act 1994 for statistical purposes. Any discussion of data limitations or weaknesses is in the context of using the IDI for statistical purposes, and is not related to the data’s ability to support Inland Revenue’s core operational requirements.

Clustering characteristics

Number of Children

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	0	20,000	10,000	33,000	6,000	10,000	16,000	21,000
2	-	8,000	16,000	10,000	5,000	14,000	9,000	30,000
3	84,000	4,000	20,000	0	16,000	24,000	27,000	0
4	131,000	0	4,000	-	7,000	13,000	15,000	-
5	141,000	0	0	0	6,000	6,000	0	-
6	111,000	0	0	0	0	5,000	0	-
7	90,000	0	0	-	0	5,000	0	-
8	74,000	-	-	-	0	0	0	-
9	68,000	-	-	-	-	0	-	-
10	71,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dep17
0	457,000	-	0	5,000	-	-	40,000	22,000
1	141,000	-	3,000	6,000	-	-	15,000	16,000
2	65,000	-	0	7,000	-	0	8,000	9,000
3	39,000	-	0	8,000	-	4,000	9,000	5,000
4	35,000	-	5,000	7,000	-	8,000	0	0
5	-	-	7,000	8,000	-	34,000	-	-
6	0	-	11,000	3,000	-	19,000	-	-
7	0	5,000	6,000	-	10,000	7,000	-	-
8	-	0	4,000	-	11,000	-	-	-
9	-	5,000	4,000	-	6,000	-	-	-
10	-	5,000	0	-	5,000	-	-	-
11	-	6,000	0	-	3,000	-	-	-
12	-	6,000	0	-	4,000	-	-	-
13	-	0	0	-	0	-	-	-
14	-	0	0	-	0	-	-	-
15	-	0	-	-	0	-	-	-
16	-	-	0	-	0	-	-	-
17	-	0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
Family's main income source
None	5,000	-	-	-	0	0	0	0
Benefits	22,000	30,000	36,000	39,000	0	0	0	4,000
Benefits with some work	0	0	7,000	5,000	-	-	0	-
Work with some benefits	22,000	0	7,000	0	8,000	12,000	6,000	9,000
Work	721,000	-	-	-	31,000	65,000	66,000	40,000
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	75,000	0	0	0	0	0	-	6,000
Decile 2: 3%-6%	67,000	0	0	0	0	3,000	-	0
Decile 3: 6%-10%	49,000	0	0	4,000	0	0	-	9,000
Decile 4: 10%-15%	63,000	5,000	0	8,000	4,000	4,000	-	8,000
Decile 5: 15%-20%	86,000	7,000	0	10,000	7,000	8,000	-	5,000
Decile 6: 20%-23%	113,000	4,000	0	5,000	5,000	10,000	-	6,000
Decile 7: 23%-28%	118,000	0	4,000	0	5,000	8,000	-	6,000
Decile 8: 28%-35%	112,000	0	3,000	0	11,000	17,000	0	10,000
Decile 9: 35%-46%	75,000	5,000	21,000	5,000	4,000	18,000	22,000	0
Decile 10: >46%	12,000	0	19,000	5,000	3,000	9,000	52,000	-

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	61%	20%	72%	14%	12%	21%	40%
2	-	24%	32%	22%	12%	18%	12%	57%
3	11%	12%	40%	-	37%	30%	36%	-
4	17%	-	8%	-	16%	16%	20%	-
5	18%	-	-	-	14%	8%	-	-
6	14%	-	-	-	-	6%	-	-
7	12%	-	-	-	-	6%	-	-
8	10%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dep17
0	59%	-	-	11%	-	-	53%	42%
1	18%	-	6%	13%	-	-	20%	30%
2	8%	-	-	15%	-	-	11%	17%
3	5%	-	-	17%	-	5%	12%	9%
4	5%	-	10%	15%	-	10%	-	-
5	-	-	14%	17%	-	42%	-	-
6	-	-	22%	7%	-	24%	-	-
7	-	15%	12%	-	23%	9%	-	-
8	-	-	8%	-	26%	-	-	-
9	-	15%	8%	-	14%	-	-	-
10	-	15%	-	-	12%	-	-	-
11	-	18%	-	-	7%	-	-	-
12	-	18%	-	-	9%	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
Family's main income source
None	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3%	91%	72%	85%	-	-	-	8%
Benefits with some work	-	-	14%	11%	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	3%	-	14%	-	19%	15%	8%	17%
Work	93%	-	-	-	72%	81%	88%	75%
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	10%	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%
Decile 2: 3%-6%	9%	-	-	-	-	4%	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	6%	-	-	9%	-	-	-	17%
Decile 4: 10%-15%	8%	15%	-	17%	9%	5%	-	15%
Decile 5: 15%-20%	11%	21%	-	22%	16%	10%	-	9%
Decile 6: 20%-23%	15%	12%	-	11%	12%	12%	-	11%
Decile 7: 23%-28%	15%	-	8%	-	12%	10%	-	11%
Decile 8: 28%-35%	15%	-	6%	-	26%	21%	-	19%
Decile 9: 35%-46%	10%	15%	42%	11%	9%	22%	29%	-
Decile 10: >46%	2%	-	38%	11%	7%	11%	69%	-

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	2.19	0.62	2.89	0.43	0.35	0.65	1.36
2	1.00	1.39	0.89	0.45	0.67	0.44	2.99
3	0.48	1.86	-	1.67	1.34	1.72	-
4	-	0.75	-	1.71	1.88	2.54	-
5	-	-	-	7.84	3.75	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
7	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dep17
0	-	-	0.59	-	-	6.02	3.02
1	-	0.54	1.28	-	-	2.44	4.11
2	-	-	2.99	-	-	2.03	3.70
3	-	-	3.23	-	0.68	2.15	1.47
4	-	2.20	3.91	-	2.50	-	-
5	-	1.10	1.42	-	8.50	-	-
6	-	3.30	0.73	-	5.09	-	-
7	2.29	1.80	-	4.35	1.25	-	-
8	-	2.40	-	21.55	-	-	-
9	5.26	2.40	-	5.22	-	-	-
10	10.52	-	-	7.84	-	-	-
11	21.03	-	-	3.92	-	-	-
12	15.77	-	-	5.22	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Family's main income source
None	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3.99	3.25	4.05	-	-	-	0.24
Benefits with some work	-	9.24	5.19	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	-	1.32	-	1.84	1.50	0.68	1.68
Work	-	-	-	1.42	1.78	1.97	1.52
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Decile 2: 3%-6%	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	-	-	3.23	-	-	-	13.88
Decile 4: 10%-15%	2.19	-	2.77	1.25	0.60	-	2.35
Decile 5: 15%-20%	2.45	-	2.69	1.83	1.03	-	0.96
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.62	-	1.45	1.57	1.88	-	1.54
Decile 7: 23%-28%	-	1.39	-	2.18	2.00	-	2.18
Decile 8: 28%-35%	-	0.52	-	2.87	2.66	-	1.99
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.75	2.57	0.52	0.44	1.18	1.69	-
Decile 10: >46%	-	1.82	0.44	0.28	0.43	5.87	-

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	7.06	2.08	9.56	1.41	1.26	2.30	4.58
2	-	3.23	4.64	2.93	1.48	2.41	1.56	10.03
3	0.45	0.79	2.84	-	2.60	2.13	2.62	-
4	1.65	-	0.53	-	1.11	1.11	1.39	-
5	5.78	-	-	-	1.05	0.55	-	-
6	10.93	-	-	-	-	0.60	-	-
7	8.86	-	-	-	-	0.74	-	-
8	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dep17
0	3.36	-	-	0.23	-	-	1.19	0.91
1	1.74	-	0.37	0.82	-	-	1.30	2.01
2	1.33	-	-	2.05	-	-	1.42	2.33
3	0.74	-	-	3.37	-	0.88	2.31	1.73
4	0.86	-	2.20	3.51	-	2.28	-	-
5	-	-	3.67	4.69	-	30.37	-	-
6	-	-	11.02	2.40	-	18.19	-	-
7	-	7.37	6.01	-	14.33	4.47	-	-
8	-	-	8.01	-	70.92	-	-	-
9	-	16.95	8.01	-	17.19	-	-	-
10	-	33.91	-	-	25.79	-	-	-
11	-	67.82	-	-	12.90	-	-	-
12	-	50.86	-	-	17.19	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
Family's main income source
None	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.10	10.07	8.35	10.19	-	-	-	0.65
Benefits with some work	-	-	30.86	17.17	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	0.26	-	2.71	-	3.68	3.09	1.49	3.39
Work	1.76	-	-	-	0.90	1.02	1.11	0.94
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	6.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.66
Decile 2: 3%-6%	10.99	-	-	-	-	0.60	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	1.86	-	-	1.66	-	-	-	3.52
Decile 4: 10%-15%	1.07	1.95	-	2.29	1.17	0.61	-	1.97
Decile 5: 15%-20%	1.14	2.05	-	2.13	1.56	0.93	-	0.88
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.85	0.98	-	0.87	0.93	1.01	-	0.91
Decile 7: 23%-28%	2.53	-	0.64	-	0.95	0.81	-	0.92
Decile 8: 28%-35%	1.34	-	0.44	-	2.00	1.67	-	1.45
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.49	1.17	3.59	0.83	0.71	1.83	2.47	-
Decile 10: >46%	0.07	-	5.17	1.27	0.80	1.33	15.56	-

Poverty

Number of Children

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	770,000	14,000	10,000	17,000	36,000	59,000	25,000	36,000
TRUE	0	19,000	40,000	29,000	8,000	20,000	51,000	17,000
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	770,000	13,000	41,000	13,000	38,000	70,000	61,000	34,000
TRUE	0	20,000	9,000	32,000	5,000	10,000	14,000	20,000
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	737,000	-	20,000	40,000	-	46,000	75,000	53,000
TRUE	0	33,000	29,000	3,000	43,000	25,000	-	-
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	0	15,000	6,000	0	5,000	0	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	4,000	17,000	-	0	0	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	5,000	0	0	0	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	0	8,000	5,000	0	35,000	20,000	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	0	-	0	22,000	-	4,000	14,000	11,000
BHC50 only	-	-	-	7,000	-	0	-	8,000
AHC50 only	-	-	14,000	4,000	-	6,000	36,000	6,000
Not in poverty	735,000	-	5,000	7,000	-	37,000	25,000	28,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	100%	42%	20%	37%	84%	74%	33%	68%
TRUE	-	58%	80%	63%	19%	25%	68%	32%
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	100%	39%	82%	28%	88%	88%	81%	64%
TRUE	-	61%	18%	70%	12%	12%	19%	38%
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	95%	-	40%	87%	-	57%	100%	100%
TRUE	-	100%	58%	7%	100%	31%	-	-
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	45%	12%	-	12%	-	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	12%	34%	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	15%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	24%	10%	-	81%	25%	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	48%	-	5%	19%	21%
BHC50 only	-	-	-	15%	-	-	-	15%
AHC50 only	-	-	28%	9%	-	8%	48%	11%
Not in poverty	95%	-	10%	15%	-	46%	33%	53%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	0.80	0.35	0.69	1.75	1.60	0.59	1.38
TRUE	1.21	1.83	1.36	0.36	0.46	1.56	0.63
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	0.53	1.18	0.37	1.28	1.31	1.19	0.89
TRUE	2.34	0.59	2.98	0.37	0.38	0.59	1.37
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	-	0.62	1.50	-	0.92	1.92	1.81
TRUE	3.47	1.84	0.17	3.74	0.87	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	14.34	1.98	-	1.87	-	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	2.47	28.05	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	1.40	0.52	-	8.31	1.56	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	5.51	-	0.32	1.54	1.70
BHC50 only	-	-	6.35	-	-	-	7.05
AHC50 only	-	1.78	0.47	-	0.37	4.88	0.62
Not in poverty	-	0.34	0.54	-	2.13	1.32	2.33
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	1.92	0.50	0.23	0.43	1.00	0.87	0.38	0.80
TRUE	-	3.90	6.12	4.50	1.17	1.63	5.51	2.11
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	1.40	0.43	0.90	0.30	0.98	0.97	0.89	0.70
TRUE	-	7.54	1.96	9.86	1.23	1.34	2.09	4.61
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	1.55	-	0.46	1.03	-	0.67	1.20	1.20
TRUE	-	11.19	6.15	0.55	12.32	3.10	-	-
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	46.24	6.61	-	6.14	-	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	7.98	93.67	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	4.52	1.75	-	27.35	5.58	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	18.24	-	1.14	5.43	5.70
BHC50 only	-	-	-	21.04	-	-	-	23.70
AHC50 only	-	-	5.93	1.55	-	1.34	17.23	2.07
Not in poverty	3.55	-	0.13	0.20	-	0.62	0.44	0.72
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-

Main characteristics

Number of Children

Dep17

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dep17
0	457,000	-	0	5,000	-	-	40,000	22,000
1	141,000	-	3,000	6,000	-	-	15,000	16,000
2	65,000	-	0	7,000	-	0	8,000	9,000
3	39,000	-	0	8,000	-	4,000	9,000	5,000
4	35,000	-	5,000	7,000	-	8,000	0	0
5	-	-	7,000	8,000	-	34,000	-	-
6	0	-	11,000	3,000	-	19,000	-	-
7	0	5,000	6,000	-	10,000	7,000	-	-
8	-	0	4,000	-	11,000	-	-	-
9	-	5,000	4,000	-	6,000	-	-	-
10	-	5,000	0	-	5,000	-	-	-
11	-	6,000	0	-	3,000	-	-	-
12	-	6,000	0	-	4,000	-	-	-
13	-	0	0	-	0	-	-	-
14	-	0	0	-	0	-	-	-
15	-	0	-	-	0	-	-	-
16	-	-	0	-	0	-	-	-
17	-	0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	693,000	4,000	0	0	19,000	30,000	-	7,000
$150 to $300	65,000	0	0	5,000	8,000	12,000	0	11,000
$100 to $150	11,000	0	0	0	4,000	7,000	0	5,000
$50 to $100	0	0	0	0	0	5,000	11,000	8,000
$0 to $50	-	0	4,000	4,000	0	6,000	9,000	4,000
-$50 to $0	-	4,000	7,000	7,000	0	3,000	4,000	7,000
-$100 to -$50	-	0	10,000	8,000	0	0	5,000	0
-$150 to -$100	-	4,000	8,000	3,000	0	4,000	7,000	0
-$300 to -$150	-	6,000	11,000	8,000	0	4,000	11,000	5,000
less than -$300	0	0	3,000	0	0	6,000	24,000	0

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	743,000	0	5,000	0	25,000	42,000	35,000	0
$150 to $300	26,000	0	17,000	0	8,000	16,000	17,000	12,000
$100 to $150	0	0	7,000	0	0	6,000	3,000	10,000
$50 to $100	-	0	6,000	3,000	0	3,000	0	5,000
$0 to $50	-	0	5,000	4,000	0	0	0	6,000
-$50 to $0	-	3,000	0	7,000	0	0	0	0
-$100 to -$50	-	4,000	0	6,000	0	0	0	5,000
-$150 to -$100	-	4,000	0	6,000	0	0	0	4,000
-$300 to -$150	0	6,000	0	9,000	0	0	5,000	5,000
less than -$300	0	0	0	5,000	0	3,000	5,000	5,000

Poverty indicators

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Poverty indicators
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	0	15,000	6,000	0	5,000	0	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	4,000	17,000	-	0	0	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	5,000	0	0	0	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	0	8,000	5,000	0	35,000	20,000	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	0	-	0	22,000	-	4,000	14,000	11,000
BHC50 only	-	-	-	7,000	-	0	-	8,000
AHC50 only	-	-	14,000	4,000	-	6,000	36,000	6,000
Not in poverty	735,000	-	5,000	7,000	-	37,000	25,000	28,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	5,000	-	-	-	0	0	0	0
Benefits	22,000	30,000	36,000	39,000	0	0	0	4,000
Benefits with some work	0	0	7,000	5,000	-	-	0	-
Work with some benefits	22,000	0	7,000	0	8,000	12,000	6,000	9,000
Work	721,000	-	-	-	31,000	65,000	66,000	40,000

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	75,000	0	0	0	0	0	-	6,000
Decile 2: 3%-6%	67,000	0	0	0	0	3,000	-	0
Decile 3: 6%-10%	49,000	0	0	4,000	0	0	-	9,000
Decile 4: 10%-15%	63,000	5,000	0	8,000	4,000	4,000	-	8,000
Decile 5: 15%-20%	86,000	7,000	0	10,000	7,000	8,000	-	5,000
Decile 6: 20%-23%	113,000	4,000	0	5,000	5,000	10,000	-	6,000
Decile 7: 23%-28%	118,000	0	4,000	0	5,000	8,000	-	6,000
Decile 8: 28%-35%	112,000	0	3,000	0	11,000	17,000	0	10,000
Decile 9: 35%-46%	75,000	5,000	21,000	5,000	4,000	18,000	22,000	0
Decile 10: >46%	12,000	0	19,000	5,000	3,000	9,000	52,000	-

Housing tenure

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	11,000	17,000	0	23,000	10,000	9,000	0	6,000
Mortgage not defined	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	362,000	0	0	4,000	5,000	23,000	34,000	13,000
No mortgage payments	64,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,000
No rent payments	11,000	0	0	0	0	0	-	0
Rent payments	209,000	11,000	45,000	14,000	27,000	42,000	37,000	18,000
Trust, mortgage not defined	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
Trust, mortgage payments	76,000	-	0	-	0	0	4,000	0
Trust, no mortgage payments	37,000	-	0	0	-	0	0	0
Not specifed	0	-	-	0	-	-	-	-

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	683,000	17,000	0	25,000	27,000	54,000	57,000	40,000
TRUE	88,000	16,000	48,000	21,000	16,000	26,000	19,000	13,000

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	663,000	32,000	50,000	44,000	33,000	60,000	34,000	46,000
TRUE	108,000	0	0	0	11,000	20,000	42,000	8,000

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	487,000	11,000	20,000	21,000	17,000	38,000	48,000	31,000
TRUE	165,000	18,000	24,000	20,000	20,000	28,000	14,000	14,000
Missing data	120,000	4,000	6,000	5,000	6,000	14,000	12,000	8,000

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	694,000	20,000	36,000	37,000	32,000	66,000	68,000	44,000
TRUE	78,000	13,000	14,000	9,000	11,000	13,000	7,000	9,000

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	0	-	-	-	-	0	-	-
None	51,000	17,000	13,000	16,000	6,000	14,000	6,000	6,000
Secondary School	141,000	7,000	15,000	16,000	16,000	20,000	13,000	16,000
Cert/Diploma	218,000	7,000	17,000	11,000	14,000	26,000	19,000	16,000
Degree	170,000	0	4,000	0	3,000	11,000	19,000	7,000
Post Grad	191,000	0	0	0	4,000	8,000	18,000	7,000

Family type

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	112,000	24,000	42,000	31,000	15,000	19,000	16,000	12,000
Coupled parent	659,000	9,000	8,000	15,000	28,000	61,000	59,000	42,000

Is the house crowded?

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	36,000	5,000	0	4,000	6,000	5,000	0	5,000
Crowded	58,000	5,000	6,000	11,000	9,000	16,000	6,000	11,000
Not crowded	220,000	15,000	27,000	22,000	15,000	28,000	24,000	20,000
Extra room	298,000	7,000	15,000	7,000	10,000	22,000	31,000	12,000
Many extra rooms	161,000	0	0	0	3,000	8,000	13,000	5,000
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	46,000	30,000	37,000	40,000	6,000	6,000	11,000	11,000
1	226,000	0	13,000	6,000	26,000	47,000	43,000	32,000
2	500,000	-	0	-	11,000	27,000	21,000	10,000
3	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	0	-	-	-	-	0	-	-
2	14,000	0	5,000	5,000	0	0	3,000	0
3	126,000	8,000	17,000	8,000	7,000	12,000	17,000	6,000
4	305,000	8,000	14,000	13,000	8,000	23,000	34,000	13,000
5+	326,000	14,000	14,000	19,000	27,000	43,000	21,000	33,000

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

Dep17

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dep17
0	59%	-	-	11%	-	-	53%	42%
1	18%	-	6%	13%	-	-	20%	30%
2	8%	-	-	15%	-	-	11%	17%
3	5%	-	-	17%	-	5%	12%	9%
4	5%	-	10%	15%	-	10%	-	-
5	-	-	14%	17%	-	42%	-	-
6	-	-	22%	7%	-	24%	-	-
7	-	15%	12%	-	23%	9%	-	-
8	-	-	8%	-	26%	-	-	-
9	-	15%	8%	-	14%	-	-	-
10	-	15%	-	-	12%	-	-	-
11	-	18%	-	-	7%	-	-	-
12	-	18%	-	-	9%	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	90%	12%	-	-	44%	38%	-	13%
$150 to $300	8%	-	-	11%	19%	15%	-	21%
$100 to $150	1%	-	-	-	9%	9%	-	9%
$50 to $100	-	-	-	-	-	6%	15%	15%
$0 to $50	-	-	8%	9%	-	8%	12%	8%
-$50 to $0	-	12%	14%	15%	-	4%	5%	13%
-$100 to -$50	-	-	20%	17%	-	-	7%	-
-$150 to -$100	-	12%	16%	7%	-	5%	9%	-
-$300 to -$150	-	18%	22%	17%	-	5%	15%	9%
less than -$300	-	-	6%	-	-	8%	32%	-

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	96%	-	10%	-	58%	52%	47%	-
$150 to $300	3%	-	34%	-	19%	20%	23%	23%
$100 to $150	-	-	14%	-	-	8%	4%	19%
$50 to $100	-	-	12%	7%	-	4%	-	9%
$0 to $50	-	-	10%	9%	-	-	-	11%
-$50 to $0	-	9%	-	15%	-	-	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	12%	-	13%	-	-	-	9%
-$150 to -$100	-	12%	-	13%	-	-	-	8%
-$300 to -$150	-	18%	-	20%	-	-	7%	9%
less than -$300	-	-	-	11%	-	4%	7%	9%

Poverty indicators

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Poverty indicators
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	45%	12%	-	12%	-	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	12%	34%	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	15%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	24%	10%	-	81%	25%	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	48%	-	5%	19%	21%
BHC50 only	-	-	-	15%	-	-	-	15%
AHC50 only	-	-	28%	9%	-	8%	48%	11%
Not in poverty	95%	-	10%	15%	-	46%	33%	53%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3%	91%	72%	85%	-	-	-	8%
Benefits with some work	-	-	14%	11%	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	3%	-	14%	-	19%	15%	8%	17%
Work	93%	-	-	-	72%	81%	88%	75%

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	10%	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%
Decile 2: 3%-6%	9%	-	-	-	-	4%	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	6%	-	-	9%	-	-	-	17%
Decile 4: 10%-15%	8%	15%	-	17%	9%	5%	-	15%
Decile 5: 15%-20%	11%	21%	-	22%	16%	10%	-	9%
Decile 6: 20%-23%	15%	12%	-	11%	12%	12%	-	11%
Decile 7: 23%-28%	15%	-	8%	-	12%	10%	-	11%
Decile 8: 28%-35%	15%	-	6%	-	26%	21%	-	19%
Decile 9: 35%-46%	10%	15%	42%	11%	9%	22%	29%	-
Decile 10: >46%	2%	-	38%	11%	7%	11%	69%	-

Housing tenure

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	1%	52%	-	50%	23%	11%	-	11%
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	47%	-	-	9%	12%	29%	45%	25%
No mortgage payments	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	19%
No rent payments	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	27%	33%	90%	30%	63%	52%	49%	34%
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	10%	-	-	-	-	-	5%	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	88%	52%	-	54%	63%	68%	76%	75%
TRUE	11%	48%	96%	46%	37%	32%	25%	25%

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	86%	97%	100%	96%	77%	75%	45%	87%
TRUE	14%	-	-	-	26%	25%	56%	15%

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	63%	33%	40%	46%	40%	48%	64%	58%
TRUE	21%	55%	48%	43%	47%	35%	19%	26%
Missing data	16%	12%	12%	11%	14%	18%	16%	15%

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	90%	61%	72%	80%	74%	82%	91%	83%
TRUE	10%	39%	28%	20%	26%	16%	9%	17%

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	7%	52%	26%	35%	14%	18%	8%	11%
Secondary School	18%	21%	30%	35%	37%	25%	17%	30%
Cert/Diploma	28%	21%	34%	24%	33%	32%	25%	30%
Degree	22%	-	8%	-	7%	14%	25%	13%
Post Grad	25%	-	-	-	9%	10%	24%	13%

Family type

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	15%	73%	84%	67%	35%	24%	21%	23%
Coupled parent	85%	27%	16%	33%	65%	76%	79%	79%

Is the house crowded?

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	5%	15%	-	9%	14%	6%	-	9%
Crowded	8%	15%	12%	24%	21%	20%	8%	21%
Not crowded	28%	45%	54%	48%	35%	35%	32%	38%
Extra room	39%	21%	30%	15%	23%	28%	41%	23%
Many extra rooms	21%	-	-	-	7%	10%	17%	9%
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	6%	91%	74%	87%	14%	8%	15%	21%
1	29%	-	26%	13%	60%	59%	57%	60%
2	65%	-	-	-	26%	34%	28%	19%
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	2%	-	10%	11%	-	-	4%	-
3	16%	24%	34%	17%	16%	15%	23%	11%
4	40%	24%	28%	28%	19%	29%	45%	25%
5+	42%	42%	28%	41%	63%	54%	28%	62%

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Dep17

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dep17
0	-	-	0.59	-	-	6.02	3.02
1	-	0.54	1.28	-	-	2.44	4.11
2	-	-	2.99	-	-	2.03	3.70
3	-	-	3.23	-	0.68	2.15	1.47
4	-	2.20	3.91	-	2.50	-	-
5	-	1.10	1.42	-	8.50	-	-
6	-	3.30	0.73	-	5.09	-	-
7	2.29	1.80	-	4.35	1.25	-	-
8	-	2.40	-	21.55	-	-	-
9	5.26	2.40	-	5.22	-	-	-
10	10.52	-	-	7.84	-	-	-
11	21.03	-	-	3.92	-	-	-
12	15.77	-	-	5.22	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	0.75	-	-	3.63	3.75	-	0.81
$150 to $300	-	-	1.17	2.24	1.88	-	2.71
$100 to $150	-	-	-	2.61	2.92	-	2.80
$50 to $100	-	-	-	-	0.99	3.44	3.08
$0 to $50	-	1.15	1.26	-	1.07	2.03	1.07
-$50 to $0	1.50	1.85	2.03	-	0.39	0.58	1.73
-$100 to -$50	-	5.08	3.87	-	-	1.13	-
-$150 to -$100	1.91	2.93	0.95	-	0.68	1.50	-
-$300 to -$150	1.62	2.14	1.57	-	0.37	1.32	0.77
less than -$300	-	0.66	-	-	0.83	10.84	-

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	-	0.32	-	2.39	2.42	1.98	-
$150 to $300	-	2.12	-	1.01	1.11	1.30	1.28
$100 to $150	-	2.43	-	-	1.12	0.53	3.86
$50 to $100	-	3.60	1.56	-	0.80	-	2.57
$0 to $50	-	3.30	2.64	-	-	-	4.11
-$50 to $0	4.51	-	16.94	-	-	-	-
-$100 to -$50	3.82	-	4.84	-	-	-	3.08
-$150 to -$100	4.21	-	5.45	-	-	-	2.47
-$300 to -$150	3.32	-	4.08	-	-	1.02	1.54
less than -$300	-	-	2.79	-	0.75	1.56	2.37

Poverty indicators

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Poverty indicators
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	14.34	1.98	-	1.87	-	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	2.47	28.05	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	1.40	0.52	-	8.31	1.56	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	5.51	-	0.32	1.54	1.70
BHC50 only	-	-	6.35	-	-	-	7.05
AHC50 only	-	1.78	0.47	-	0.37	4.88	0.62
Not in poverty	-	0.34	0.54	-	2.13	1.32	2.33
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3.99	3.25	4.05	-	-	-	0.24
Benefits with some work	-	9.24	5.19	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	-	1.32	-	1.84	1.50	0.68	1.68
Work	-	-	-	1.42	1.78	1.97	1.52

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Decile 2: 3%-6%	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	-	-	3.23	-	-	-	13.88
Decile 4: 10%-15%	2.19	-	2.77	1.25	0.60	-	2.35
Decile 5: 15%-20%	2.45	-	2.69	1.83	1.03	-	0.96
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.62	-	1.45	1.57	1.88	-	1.54
Decile 7: 23%-28%	-	1.39	-	2.18	2.00	-	2.18
Decile 8: 28%-35%	-	0.52	-	2.87	2.66	-	1.99
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.75	2.57	0.52	0.44	1.18	1.69	-
Decile 10: >46%	-	1.82	0.44	0.28	0.43	5.87	-

Housing tenure

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	3.72	-	3.98	1.42	0.60	-	0.63
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	-	-	0.39	0.53	1.54	3.07	1.22
No mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
No rent payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	0.63	1.99	0.56	1.27	1.04	0.96	0.63
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	0.88	-	0.93	1.10	1.22	1.42	1.37
TRUE	1.18	2.85	1.10	0.88	0.73	0.55	0.55

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	1.26	1.33	1.25	0.97	0.94	0.52	1.12
TRUE	-	-	-	1.23	1.23	4.38	0.68

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	0.66	0.80	0.92	0.79	0.96	1.41	1.23
TRUE	1.58	1.39	1.23	1.33	0.95	0.46	0.70
Missing data	0.82	0.81	0.73	0.96	1.28	1.13	1.05

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	0.74	0.89	1.01	0.93	1.04	1.18	1.05
TRUE	2.17	1.49	0.98	1.33	0.77	0.41	0.83

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	2.93	1.32	1.87	0.65	0.82	0.34	0.51
Secondary School	0.77	1.12	1.34	1.44	0.90	0.59	1.13
Cert/Diploma	0.71	1.21	0.81	1.14	1.16	0.85	1.05
Degree	-	0.66	-	0.57	1.25	3.09	1.17
Post Grad	-	-	-	0.95	1.03	3.85	1.44

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	1.87	2.37	1.76	0.82	0.51	0.46	0.50
Coupled parent	0.44	0.25	0.53	1.13	1.42	1.47	1.44

Is the house crowded?

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	2.63	-	1.38	2.47	0.94	-	1.54
Crowded	0.89	0.68	1.51	1.28	1.25	0.42	1.28
Not crowded	1.16	1.44	1.24	0.86	0.85	0.77	0.94
Extra room	0.76	1.11	0.52	0.83	1.01	1.73	0.80
Many extra rooms	-	-	-	0.90	1.43	3.30	1.29
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	2.84	2.35	2.88	0.35	0.17	0.34	0.52
1	-	0.56	0.27	1.45	1.47	1.41	1.46
2	-	-	-	1.49	2.41	1.78	1.05
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	-	4.12	4.54	-	-	1.22	-
3	1.26	1.93	0.87	0.81	0.71	1.19	0.54
4	0.80	0.93	0.94	0.60	0.96	1.75	0.80
5+	0.94	0.59	0.91	1.47	1.26	0.57	1.48

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Dep17

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dep17
0	3.36	-	-	0.23	-	-	1.19	0.91
1	1.74	-	0.37	0.82	-	-	1.30	2.01
2	1.33	-	-	2.05	-	-	1.42	2.33
3	0.74	-	-	3.37	-	0.88	2.31	1.73
4	0.86	-	2.20	3.51	-	2.28	-	-
5	-	-	3.67	4.69	-	30.37	-	-
6	-	-	11.02	2.40	-	18.19	-	-
7	-	7.37	6.01	-	14.33	4.47	-	-
8	-	-	8.01	-	70.92	-	-	-
9	-	16.95	8.01	-	17.19	-	-	-
10	-	33.91	-	-	25.79	-	-	-
11	-	67.82	-	-	12.90	-	-	-
12	-	50.86	-	-	17.19	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	5.69	0.18	-	-	0.67	0.56	-	0.19
$150 to $300	0.89	-	-	1.25	2.22	1.81	-	2.53
$100 to $150	0.34	-	-	-	4.49	4.69	-	4.71
$50 to $100	-	-	-	-	-	3.53	12.15	10.37
$0 to $50	-	-	3.83	4.18	-	3.83	7.18	3.61
-$50 to $0	-	4.84	6.17	6.73	-	1.39	2.05	5.81
-$100 to -$50	-	-	16.95	12.82	-	-	3.99	-
-$150 to -$100	-	6.17	9.80	3.14	-	2.44	5.29	-
-$300 to -$150	-	5.22	7.13	5.20	-	1.31	4.65	2.59
less than -$300	-	-	2.20	-	-	2.98	38.29	-

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	3.42	-	0.13	-	0.78	0.70	0.62	-
$150 to $300	0.18	-	4.74	-	2.34	2.68	3.09	2.96
$100 to $150	-	-	8.12	-	-	4.02	1.87	12.96
$50 to $100	-	-	12.02	5.15	-	2.87	-	8.64
$0 to $50	-	-	11.02	8.74	-	-	-	13.82
-$50 to $0	-	14.53	-	56.10	-	-	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	12.33	-	16.03	-	-	-	10.37
-$150 to -$100	-	13.56	-	18.03	-	-	-	8.29
-$300 to -$150	-	10.71	-	13.52	-	-	3.59	5.18
less than -$300	-	-	-	9.25	-	2.68	5.52	7.98

Poverty indicators

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Poverty indicators
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	46.24	6.61	-	6.14	-	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	7.98	93.67	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	4.52	1.75	-	27.35	5.58	-	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	18.24	-	1.14	5.43	5.70
BHC50 only	-	-	-	21.04	-	-	-	23.70
AHC50 only	-	-	5.93	1.55	-	1.34	17.23	2.07
Not in poverty	3.55	-	0.13	0.20	-	0.62	0.44	0.72
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.10	10.07	8.35	10.19	-	-	-	0.65
Benefits with some work	-	-	30.86	17.17	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	0.26	-	2.71	-	3.68	3.09	1.49	3.39
Work	1.76	-	-	-	0.90	1.02	1.11	0.94

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	6.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.66
Decile 2: 3%-6%	10.99	-	-	-	-	0.60	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	1.86	-	-	1.66	-	-	-	3.52
Decile 4: 10%-15%	1.07	1.95	-	2.29	1.17	0.61	-	1.97
Decile 5: 15%-20%	1.14	2.05	-	2.13	1.56	0.93	-	0.88
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.85	0.98	-	0.87	0.93	1.01	-	0.91
Decile 7: 23%-28%	2.53	-	0.64	-	0.95	0.81	-	0.92
Decile 8: 28%-35%	1.34	-	0.44	-	2.00	1.67	-	1.45
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.49	1.17	3.59	0.83	0.71	1.83	2.47	-
Decile 10: >46%	0.07	-	5.17	1.27	0.80	1.33	15.56	-

Housing tenure

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	0.08	9.77	-	10.43	3.91	1.80	-	1.78
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	2.26	-	-	0.22	0.30	0.74	1.20	0.63
No mortgage payments	3.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.24
No rent payments	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	0.53	0.95	2.77	0.87	1.85	1.56	1.45	0.97
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	9.35	-	-	-	-	-	0.76	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	1.53	0.65	-	0.68	0.79	0.85	0.97	0.96
TRUE	0.27	2.35	5.32	2.23	1.79	1.58	1.20	1.15

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	1.09	1.17	1.21	1.15	0.92	0.89	0.53	1.04
TRUE	0.66	-	-	-	1.59	1.59	4.10	0.92

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	1.29	0.56	0.68	0.77	0.67	0.80	1.10	1.00
TRUE	0.59	2.14	1.90	1.70	1.82	1.36	0.70	1.00
Missing data	1.07	0.79	0.78	0.71	0.92	1.17	1.06	0.99

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	1.13	0.69	0.83	0.93	0.86	0.95	1.05	0.96
TRUE	0.51	3.13	2.20	1.49	1.98	1.24	0.68	1.29

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	0.32	5.15	2.47	3.40	1.26	1.63	0.70	1.01
Secondary School	0.67	1.00	1.44	1.69	1.81	1.20	0.81	1.46
Cert/Diploma	0.98	0.74	1.20	0.83	1.15	1.15	0.88	1.06
Degree	1.90	-	0.42	-	0.37	0.73	1.40	0.70
Post Grad	2.54	-	-	-	0.46	0.49	1.23	0.66

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	0.35	3.29	4.04	3.11	1.51	1.01	0.90	0.96
Coupled parent	1.46	0.35	0.20	0.42	0.85	1.00	1.03	1.04

Is the house crowded?

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	0.71	3.03	-	1.69	2.81	1.20	-	1.85
Crowded	0.45	1.45	1.14	2.38	2.05	2.02	0.74	2.05
Not crowded	0.72	1.43	1.73	1.52	1.09	1.09	0.99	1.18
Extra room	1.41	0.60	0.85	0.43	0.66	0.78	1.20	0.64
Many extra rooms	2.73	-	-	-	0.41	0.59	1.05	0.56
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	0.16	6.48	5.44	6.54	0.85	0.44	0.90	1.30
1	0.67	-	0.75	0.37	1.83	1.82	1.76	1.84
2	3.57	-	-	-	0.51	0.67	0.55	0.37
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	0.53	-	5.01	5.46	-	-	1.80	-
3	0.83	1.41	2.04	1.00	0.93	0.85	1.33	0.64
4	1.33	0.66	0.76	0.77	0.50	0.78	1.27	0.67
5+	0.94	0.98	0.64	0.96	1.48	1.27	0.63	1.47

Additional characteristics

Number of Children

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	0	11,000	22,000	13,000	4,000	11,000	39,000	6,000
2	-	14,000	24,000	25,000	11,000	26,000	36,000	27,000
3	81,000	4,000	0	6,000	12,000	13,000	-	15,000
4	132,000	0	0	0	7,000	12,000	-	5,000
5	137,000	0	0	0	5,000	6,000	-	-
6	111,000	0	0	0	0	3,000	-	-
7	97,000	-	0	0	0	5,000	-	-
8	76,000	0	-	-	0	0	-	-
9	66,000	-	-	-	-	0	-	-
10	69,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	0	20,000	10,000	33,000	6,000	10,000	16,000	21,000
2	-	8,000	16,000	10,000	5,000	14,000	9,000	30,000
3	84,000	4,000	20,000	0	16,000	24,000	27,000	0
4	131,000	0	4,000	-	7,000	13,000	15,000	-
5	141,000	0	0	0	6,000	6,000	0	-
6	111,000	0	0	0	0	5,000	0	-
7	90,000	0	0	-	0	5,000	0	-
8	74,000	-	-	-	0	0	0	-
9	68,000	-	-	-	-	0	-	-
10	71,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	693,000	4,000	0	0	19,000	30,000	-	7,000
$150 to $300	65,000	0	0	5,000	8,000	12,000	0	11,000
$100 to $150	11,000	0	0	0	4,000	7,000	0	5,000
$50 to $100	0	0	0	0	0	5,000	11,000	8,000
$0 to $50	-	0	4,000	4,000	0	6,000	9,000	4,000
-$50 to $0	-	4,000	7,000	7,000	0	3,000	4,000	7,000
-$100 to -$50	-	0	10,000	8,000	0	0	5,000	0
-$150 to -$100	-	4,000	8,000	3,000	0	4,000	7,000	0
-$300 to -$150	-	6,000	11,000	8,000	0	4,000	11,000	5,000
less than -$300	0	0	3,000	0	0	6,000	24,000	0

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	743,000	0	5,000	0	25,000	42,000	35,000	0
$150 to $300	26,000	0	17,000	0	8,000	16,000	17,000	12,000
$100 to $150	0	0	7,000	0	0	6,000	3,000	10,000
$50 to $100	-	0	6,000	3,000	0	3,000	0	5,000
$0 to $50	-	0	5,000	4,000	0	0	0	6,000
-$50 to $0	-	3,000	0	7,000	0	0	0	0
-$100 to -$50	-	4,000	0	6,000	0	0	0	5,000
-$150 to -$100	-	4,000	0	6,000	0	0	0	4,000
-$300 to -$150	0	6,000	0	9,000	0	0	5,000	5,000
less than -$300	0	0	0	5,000	0	3,000	5,000	5,000

Disabled child

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child
FALSE	626,000	24,000	38,000	34,000	32,000	60,000	62,000	45,000
TRUE	67,000	6,000	8,000	9,000	7,000	11,000	5,000	4,000
Missing data	78,000	0	4,000	3,000	4,000	9,000	8,000	4,000

Disabled child in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	536,000	18,000	28,000	25,000	22,000	44,000	54,000	36,000
TRUE	107,000	10,000	15,000	15,000	13,000	20,000	9,000	9,000
Missing data	130,000	5,000	7,000	6,000	8,000	16,000	13,000	9,000

Disabled person in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	487,000	11,000	20,000	21,000	17,000	38,000	48,000	31,000
TRUE	165,000	18,000	24,000	20,000	20,000	28,000	14,000	14,000
Missing data	120,000	4,000	6,000	5,000	6,000	14,000	12,000	8,000

Disabled parent

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled parent
FALSE	694,000	20,000	36,000	37,000	32,000	66,000	68,000	44,000
TRUE	78,000	13,000	14,000	9,000	11,000	13,000	7,000	9,000

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	726,000	-	-	-	33,000	67,000	67,000	40,000
TRUE	45,000	33,000	50,000	46,000	10,000	12,000	8,000	13,000

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	588,000	16,000	0	23,000	18,000	35,000	17,000	33,000
TRUE	183,000	17,000	48,000	23,000	25,000	45,000	58,000	21,000

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	663,000	32,000	50,000	44,000	33,000	60,000	34,000	46,000
TRUE	108,000	0	0	0	11,000	20,000	42,000	8,000

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	457,000	0	0	0	4,000	15,000	9,000	4,000
TRUE	315,000	33,000	50,000	46,000	39,000	65,000	66,000	49,000

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Accommodation Supplement area
1	291,000	12,000	18,000	17,000	20,000	30,000	41,000	16,000
2	258,000	11,000	18,000	14,000	15,000	27,000	21,000	13,000
3	92,000	5,000	8,000	6,000	3,000	10,000	6,000	8,000
4	130,000	6,000	6,000	8,000	5,000	13,000	8,000	16,000

Is the house crowded

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	36,000	5,000	0	4,000	6,000	5,000	0	5,000
Crowded	58,000	5,000	6,000	11,000	9,000	16,000	6,000	11,000
Not crowded	220,000	15,000	27,000	22,000	15,000	28,000	24,000	20,000
Extra room	298,000	7,000	15,000	7,000	10,000	22,000	31,000	12,000
Many extra rooms	161,000	0	0	0	3,000	8,000	13,000	5,000
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	457,000	-	0	5,000	-	-	40,000	22,000
1	141,000	-	3,000	6,000	-	-	15,000	16,000
2	65,000	-	0	7,000	-	0	8,000	9,000
3	39,000	-	0	8,000	-	4,000	9,000	5,000
4	35,000	-	5,000	7,000	-	8,000	0	0
5	-	-	7,000	8,000	-	34,000	-	-
6	0	-	11,000	3,000	-	19,000	-	-
7	0	5,000	6,000	-	10,000	7,000	-	-
8	-	0	4,000	-	11,000	-	-	-
9	-	5,000	4,000	-	6,000	-	-	-
10	-	5,000	0	-	5,000	-	-	-
11	-	6,000	0	-	3,000	-	-	-
12	-	6,000	0	-	4,000	-	-	-
13	-	0	0	-	0	-	-	-
14	-	0	0	-	0	-	-	-
15	-	0	-	-	0	-	-	-
16	-	-	0	-	0	-	-	-
17	-	0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	75,000	0	0	0	0	0	-	6,000
Decile 2: 3%-6%	67,000	0	0	0	0	3,000	-	0
Decile 3: 6%-10%	49,000	0	0	4,000	0	0	-	9,000
Decile 4: 10%-15%	63,000	5,000	0	8,000	4,000	4,000	-	8,000
Decile 5: 15%-20%	86,000	7,000	0	10,000	7,000	8,000	-	5,000
Decile 6: 20%-23%	113,000	4,000	0	5,000	5,000	10,000	-	6,000
Decile 7: 23%-28%	118,000	0	4,000	0	5,000	8,000	-	6,000
Decile 8: 28%-35%	112,000	0	3,000	0	11,000	17,000	0	10,000
Decile 9: 35%-46%	75,000	5,000	21,000	5,000	4,000	18,000	22,000	0
Decile 10: >46%	12,000	0	19,000	5,000	3,000	9,000	52,000	-

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing cost (decile)
1	39,000	0	0	4,000	0	0	-	7,000
2	36,000	0	-	0	0	0	-	6,000
3	41,000	4,000	0	4,000	0	0	0	4,000
4	43,000	14,000	0	20,000	3,000	5,000	0	10,000
5	61,000	5,000	6,000	8,000	5,000	6,000	0	10,000
6	87,000	0	10,000	4,000	11,000	14,000	5,000	8,000
7	99,000	0	13,000	0	8,000	15,000	9,000	5,000
8	112,000	0	13,000	0	6,000	18,000	16,000	0
9	118,000	0	6,000	0	6,000	10,000	18,000	0
10	134,000	-	-	-	0	7,000	27,000	-

Region

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Region
Auckland	265,000	11,000	16,000	17,000	19,000	26,000	37,000	15,000
Bay of Plenty	59,000	0	0	0	0	8,000	5,000	5,000
Canterbury	99,000	3,000	8,000	5,000	4,000	9,000	8,000	4,000
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	36,000	0	0	3,000	0	4,000	0	5,000
Manawatu Whanganui	33,000	3,000	4,000	0	0	6,000	0	4,000
Northland	27,000	0	3,000	0	0	0	3,000	4,000
Otago	33,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,000
Southland	16,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taranaki	20,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	28,000	0	0	0	4,000	0	0	0
Waikato	75,000	4,000	6,000	5,000	3,000	8,000	8,000	5,000
Wellington	81,000	0	3,000	5,000	0	7,000	5,000	0

Tenure

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	11,000	17,000	0	23,000	10,000	9,000	0	6,000
Mortgage not defined	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	362,000	0	0	4,000	5,000	23,000	34,000	13,000
No mortgage payments	64,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,000
No rent payments	11,000	0	0	0	0	0	-	0
Rent payments	209,000	11,000	45,000	14,000	27,000	42,000	37,000	18,000
Trust, mortgage not defined	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
Trust, mortgage payments	76,000	-	0	-	0	0	4,000	0
Trust, no mortgage payments	37,000	-	0	0	-	0	0	0
Not specifed	0	-	-	0	-	-	-	-

Asian

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Asian
FALSE	648,000	32,000	47,000	41,000	40,000	67,000	45,000	43,000
TRUE	124,000	0	3,000	5,000	0	13,000	30,000	10,000

European

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
European
FALSE	207,000	19,000	20,000	24,000	21,000	36,000	38,000	25,000
TRUE	565,000	14,000	30,000	22,000	22,000	44,000	38,000	29,000

Maori

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Maori
FALSE	604,000	15,000	27,000	23,000	27,000	54,000	63,000	35,000
TRUE	168,000	18,000	23,000	23,000	16,000	26,000	13,000	18,000

Pacific

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Pacific
FALSE	701,000	22,000	41,000	37,000	27,000	59,000	67,000	46,000
TRUE	71,000	11,000	9,000	9,000	16,000	21,000	9,000	7,000

Family type

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	112,000	24,000	42,000	31,000	15,000	19,000	16,000	12,000
Coupled parent	659,000	9,000	8,000	15,000	28,000	61,000	59,000	42,000

Number of children in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of children in the family
1	227,000	7,000	9,000	11,000	9,000	19,000	17,000	10,000
2	336,000	10,000	17,000	16,000	11,000	31,000	40,000	16,000
3+	209,000	16,000	24,000	18,000	23,000	30,000	18,000	27,000

Age of child

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Age of child
<3	117,000	5,000	6,000	5,000	6,000	14,000	14,000	7,000
3 to 4	88,000	4,000	7,000	5,000	5,000	10,000	9,000	5,000
5 to 11	303,000	14,000	25,000	18,000	17,000	29,000	32,000	21,000
12+	263,000	11,000	13,000	17,000	15,000	27,000	20,000	21,000

Youngest child in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Youngest child in the family
<3	195,000	10,000	13,000	12,000	13,000	26,000	24,000	16,000
3 to 4	106,000	5,000	11,000	5,000	6,000	12,000	11,000	6,000
5 to 11	294,000	12,000	22,000	20,000	16,000	26,000	28,000	18,000
12+	177,000	6,000	5,000	9,000	8,000	15,000	13,000	13,000

Oldest person in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Oldest person in the family
<18	27,000	0	0	0	0	4,000	0	4,000
18-30	63,000	10,000	14,000	9,000	7,000	11,000	7,000	4,000
31-40	255,000	12,000	22,000	15,000	18,000	31,000	35,000	18,000
41-50	305,000	6,000	10,000	13,000	10,000	25,000	25,000	16,000
51-64	115,000	5,000	3,000	8,000	6,000	9,000	7,000	8,000
65+	7,000	-	0	0	0	0	0	0

Number of people in the household

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	0	-	-	-	-	0	-	-
2	14,000	0	5,000	5,000	0	0	3,000	0
3	126,000	8,000	17,000	8,000	7,000	12,000	17,000	6,000
4	305,000	8,000	14,000	13,000	8,000	23,000	34,000	13,000
5+	326,000	14,000	14,000	19,000	27,000	43,000	21,000	33,000

Number of families in the household

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of families in the household
1	523,000	24,000	45,000	28,000	25,000	50,000	62,000	31,000
2	158,000	6,000	0	10,000	10,000	16,000	12,000	15,000
3	65,000	0	0	6,000	6,000	9,000	0	6,000
4	19,000	0	0	0	0	4,000	0	0
5	6,000	-	-	0	0	0	-	0

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	0	-	-	-	-	0	-	-
None	51,000	17,000	13,000	16,000	6,000	14,000	6,000	6,000
Secondary School	141,000	7,000	15,000	16,000	16,000	20,000	13,000	16,000
Cert/Diploma	218,000	7,000	17,000	11,000	14,000	26,000	19,000	16,000
Degree	170,000	0	4,000	0	3,000	11,000	19,000	7,000
Post Grad	191,000	0	0	0	4,000	8,000	18,000	7,000

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	10,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TRUE	727,000	5,000	19,000	9,000	37,000	70,000	67,000	44,000
Missing data	35,000	26,000	30,000	34,000	4,000	7,000	8,000	8,000

Number of earners in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	46,000	30,000	37,000	40,000	6,000	6,000	11,000	11,000
1	226,000	0	13,000	6,000	26,000	47,000	43,000	32,000
2	500,000	-	0	-	11,000	27,000	21,000	10,000
3	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	15,000	16,000	15,000	24,000	0	3,000	0	3,000
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	13,000	10,000	15,000	11,000	0	0	0	4,000
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	26,000	6,000	13,000	9,000	0	3,000	6,000	6,000
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	21,000	0	7,000	0	5,000	11,000	14,000	12,000
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	25,000	-	0	-	6,000	14,000	10,000	14,000
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	45,000	-	-	-	11,000	16,000	10,000	12,000
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	94,000	-	-	-	6,000	12,000	18,000	0
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	143,000	-	-	-	3,000	10,000	7,000	-
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	179,000	-	-	-	4,000	7,000	5,000	-
Decile 10: >$162,000	211,000	-	-	-	0	0	0	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	5,000	-	-	-	0	0	0	0
Benefits	22,000	30,000	36,000	39,000	0	0	0	4,000
Benefits with some work	0	0	7,000	5,000	-	-	0	-
Work with some benefits	22,000	0	7,000	0	8,000	12,000	6,000	9,000
Work	721,000	-	-	-	31,000	65,000	66,000	40,000

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	-	33%	44%	28%	9%	14%	52%	11%
2	-	42%	48%	54%	26%	32%	48%	51%
3	10%	12%	-	13%	28%	16%	-	28%
4	17%	-	-	-	16%	15%	-	9%
5	18%	-	-	-	12%	8%	-	-
6	14%	-	-	-	-	4%	-	-
7	13%	-	-	-	-	6%	-	-
8	10%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	61%	20%	72%	14%	12%	21%	40%
2	-	24%	32%	22%	12%	18%	12%	57%
3	11%	12%	40%	-	37%	30%	36%	-
4	17%	-	8%	-	16%	16%	20%	-
5	18%	-	-	-	14%	8%	-	-
6	14%	-	-	-	-	6%	-	-
7	12%	-	-	-	-	6%	-	-
8	10%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	90%	12%	-	-	44%	38%	-	13%
$150 to $300	8%	-	-	11%	19%	15%	-	21%
$100 to $150	1%	-	-	-	9%	9%	-	9%
$50 to $100	-	-	-	-	-	6%	15%	15%
$0 to $50	-	-	8%	9%	-	8%	12%	8%
-$50 to $0	-	12%	14%	15%	-	4%	5%	13%
-$100 to -$50	-	-	20%	17%	-	-	7%	-
-$150 to -$100	-	12%	16%	7%	-	5%	9%	-
-$300 to -$150	-	18%	22%	17%	-	5%	15%	9%
less than -$300	-	-	6%	-	-	8%	32%	-

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	96%	-	10%	-	58%	52%	47%	-
$150 to $300	3%	-	34%	-	19%	20%	23%	23%
$100 to $150	-	-	14%	-	-	8%	4%	19%
$50 to $100	-	-	12%	7%	-	4%	-	9%
$0 to $50	-	-	10%	9%	-	-	-	11%
-$50 to $0	-	9%	-	15%	-	-	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	12%	-	13%	-	-	-	9%
-$150 to -$100	-	12%	-	13%	-	-	-	8%
-$300 to -$150	-	18%	-	20%	-	-	7%	9%
less than -$300	-	-	-	11%	-	4%	7%	9%

Disabled child

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child
FALSE	81%	73%	76%	74%	74%	75%	83%	85%
TRUE	9%	18%	16%	20%	16%	14%	7%	8%
Missing data	10%	-	8%	7%	9%	11%	11%	8%

Disabled child in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	69%	55%	56%	54%	51%	55%	72%	68%
TRUE	14%	30%	30%	33%	30%	25%	12%	17%
Missing data	17%	15%	14%	13%	19%	20%	17%	17%

Disabled person in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	63%	33%	40%	46%	40%	48%	64%	58%
TRUE	21%	55%	48%	43%	47%	35%	19%	26%
Missing data	16%	12%	12%	11%	14%	18%	16%	15%

Disabled parent

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled parent
FALSE	90%	61%	72%	80%	74%	82%	91%	83%
TRUE	10%	39%	28%	20%	26%	16%	9%	17%

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	94%	-	-	-	77%	84%	89%	75%
TRUE	6%	100%	100%	100%	23%	15%	11%	25%

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	76%	48%	-	50%	42%	44%	23%	62%
TRUE	24%	52%	96%	50%	58%	56%	77%	40%

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	86%	97%	100%	96%	77%	75%	45%	87%
TRUE	14%	-	-	-	26%	25%	56%	15%

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	59%	-	-	-	9%	19%	12%	8%
TRUE	41%	100%	100%	100%	91%	81%	88%	92%

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Accommodation Supplement area
1	38%	36%	36%	37%	47%	38%	55%	30%
2	33%	33%	36%	30%	35%	34%	28%	25%
3	12%	15%	16%	13%	7%	12%	8%	15%
4	17%	18%	12%	17%	12%	16%	11%	30%

Is the house crowded

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	5%	15%	-	9%	14%	6%	-	9%
Crowded	8%	15%	12%	24%	21%	20%	8%	21%
Not crowded	28%	45%	54%	48%	35%	35%	32%	38%
Extra room	39%	21%	30%	15%	23%	28%	41%	23%
Many extra rooms	21%	-	-	-	7%	10%	17%	9%
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	59%	-	-	11%	-	-	53%	42%
1	18%	-	6%	13%	-	-	20%	30%
2	8%	-	-	15%	-	-	11%	17%
3	5%	-	-	17%	-	5%	12%	9%
4	5%	-	10%	15%	-	10%	-	-
5	-	-	14%	17%	-	42%	-	-
6	-	-	22%	7%	-	24%	-	-
7	-	15%	12%	-	23%	9%	-	-
8	-	-	8%	-	26%	-	-	-
9	-	15%	8%	-	14%	-	-	-
10	-	15%	-	-	12%	-	-	-
11	-	18%	-	-	7%	-	-	-
12	-	18%	-	-	9%	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	10%	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%
Decile 2: 3%-6%	9%	-	-	-	-	4%	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	6%	-	-	9%	-	-	-	17%
Decile 4: 10%-15%	8%	15%	-	17%	9%	5%	-	15%
Decile 5: 15%-20%	11%	21%	-	22%	16%	10%	-	9%
Decile 6: 20%-23%	15%	12%	-	11%	12%	12%	-	11%
Decile 7: 23%-28%	15%	-	8%	-	12%	10%	-	11%
Decile 8: 28%-35%	15%	-	6%	-	26%	21%	-	19%
Decile 9: 35%-46%	10%	15%	42%	11%	9%	22%	29%	-
Decile 10: >46%	2%	-	38%	11%	7%	11%	69%	-

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing cost (decile)
1	5%	-	-	9%	-	-	-	13%
2	5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%
3	5%	12%	-	9%	-	-	-	8%
4	6%	42%	-	43%	7%	6%	-	19%
5	8%	15%	12%	17%	12%	8%	-	19%
6	11%	-	20%	9%	26%	18%	7%	15%
7	13%	-	26%	-	19%	19%	12%	9%
8	15%	-	26%	-	14%	22%	21%	-
9	15%	-	12%	-	14%	12%	24%	-
10	17%	-	-	-	-	9%	36%	-

Region

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Region
Auckland	34%	33%	32%	37%	44%	32%	49%	28%
Bay of Plenty	8%	-	-	-	-	10%	7%	9%
Canterbury	13%	9%	16%	11%	9%	11%	11%	8%
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	5%	-	-	7%	-	5%	-	9%
Manawatu Whanganui	4%	9%	8%	-	-	8%	-	8%
Northland	3%	-	6%	-	-	-	4%	8%
Otago	4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	8%
Southland	2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Taranaki	3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	4%	-	-	-	9%	-	-	-
Waikato	10%	12%	12%	11%	7%	10%	11%	9%
Wellington	10%	-	6%	11%	-	9%	7%	-

Tenure

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	1%	52%	-	50%	23%	11%	-	11%
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	47%	-	-	9%	12%	29%	45%	25%
No mortgage payments	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	19%
No rent payments	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	27%	33%	90%	30%	63%	52%	49%	34%
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	10%	-	-	-	-	-	5%	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Asian

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Asian
FALSE	84%	97%	94%	89%	93%	84%	60%	81%
TRUE	16%	-	6%	11%	-	16%	40%	19%

European

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
European
FALSE	27%	58%	40%	52%	49%	45%	51%	47%
TRUE	73%	42%	60%	48%	51%	55%	51%	55%

Maori

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Maori
FALSE	78%	45%	54%	50%	63%	68%	84%	66%
TRUE	22%	55%	46%	50%	37%	32%	17%	34%

Pacific

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Pacific
FALSE	91%	67%	82%	80%	63%	74%	89%	87%
TRUE	9%	33%	18%	20%	37%	26%	12%	13%

Family type

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	15%	73%	84%	67%	35%	24%	21%	23%
Coupled parent	85%	27%	16%	33%	65%	76%	79%	79%

Number of children in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of children in the family
1	29%	21%	18%	24%	21%	24%	23%	19%
2	44%	30%	34%	35%	26%	39%	53%	30%
3+	27%	48%	48%	39%	53%	38%	24%	51%

Age of child

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Age of child
<3	15%	15%	12%	11%	14%	18%	19%	13%
3 to 4	11%	12%	14%	11%	12%	12%	12%	9%
5 to 11	39%	42%	50%	39%	40%	36%	43%	40%
12+	34%	33%	26%	37%	35%	34%	27%	40%

Youngest child in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Youngest child in the family
<3	25%	30%	26%	26%	30%	32%	32%	30%
3 to 4	14%	15%	22%	11%	14%	15%	15%	11%
5 to 11	38%	36%	44%	43%	37%	32%	37%	34%
12+	23%	18%	10%	20%	19%	19%	17%	25%

Oldest person in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Oldest person in the family
<18	3%	-	-	-	-	5%	-	8%
18-30	8%	30%	28%	20%	16%	14%	9%	8%
31-40	33%	36%	44%	33%	42%	39%	47%	34%
41-50	40%	18%	20%	28%	23%	31%	33%	30%
51-64	15%	15%	6%	17%	14%	11%	9%	15%
65+	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	2%	-	10%	11%	-	-	4%	-
3	16%	24%	34%	17%	16%	15%	23%	11%
4	40%	24%	28%	28%	19%	29%	45%	25%
5+	42%	42%	28%	41%	63%	54%	28%	62%

Number of families in the household

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of families in the household
1	68%	73%	90%	61%	58%	62%	83%	58%
2	20%	18%	-	22%	23%	20%	16%	28%
3	8%	-	-	13%	14%	11%	-	11%
4	2%	-	-	-	-	5%	-	-
5	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	7%	52%	26%	35%	14%	18%	8%	11%
Secondary School	18%	21%	30%	35%	37%	25%	17%	30%
Cert/Diploma	28%	21%	34%	24%	33%	32%	25%	30%
Degree	22%	-	8%	-	7%	14%	25%	13%
Post Grad	25%	-	-	-	9%	10%	24%	13%

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
TRUE	94%	15%	38%	20%	86%	88%	89%	83%
Missing data	5%	79%	60%	74%	9%	9%	11%	15%

Number of earners in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	6%	91%	74%	87%	14%	8%	15%	21%
1	29%	-	26%	13%	60%	59%	57%	60%
2	65%	-	-	-	26%	34%	28%	19%
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	2%	48%	30%	52%	-	4%	-	6%
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	2%	30%	30%	24%	-	-	-	8%
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	3%	18%	26%	20%	-	4%	8%	11%
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	3%	-	14%	-	12%	14%	19%	23%
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	3%	-	-	-	14%	18%	13%	26%
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	6%	-	-	-	26%	20%	13%	23%
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	12%	-	-	-	14%	15%	24%	-
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	19%	-	-	-	7%	12%	9%	-
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	23%	-	-	-	9%	9%	7%	-
Decile 10: >$162,000	27%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3%	91%	72%	85%	-	-	-	8%
Benefits with some work	-	-	14%	11%	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	3%	-	14%	-	19%	15%	8%	17%
Work	93%	-	-	-	72%	81%	88%	75%

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	1.22	1.73	1.01	0.31	0.43	2.37	0.37
2	0.99	1.14	1.32	0.57	0.71	1.15	1.22
3	0.91	-	0.99	2.47	1.32	-	2.64
4	-	-	-	3.23	3.75	-	1.62
5	-	-	-	6.53	4.50	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
7	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	2.19	0.62	2.89	0.43	0.35	0.65	1.36
2	1.00	1.39	0.89	0.45	0.67	0.44	2.99
3	0.48	1.86	-	1.67	1.34	1.72	-
4	-	0.75	-	1.71	1.88	2.54	-
5	-	-	-	7.84	3.75	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
7	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	0.75	-	-	3.63	3.75	-	0.81
$150 to $300	-	-	1.17	2.24	1.88	-	2.71
$100 to $150	-	-	-	2.61	2.92	-	2.80
$50 to $100	-	-	-	-	0.99	3.44	3.08
$0 to $50	-	1.15	1.26	-	1.07	2.03	1.07
-$50 to $0	1.50	1.85	2.03	-	0.39	0.58	1.73
-$100 to -$50	-	5.08	3.87	-	-	1.13	-
-$150 to -$100	1.91	2.93	0.95	-	0.68	1.50	-
-$300 to -$150	1.62	2.14	1.57	-	0.37	1.32	0.77
less than -$300	-	0.66	-	-	0.83	10.84	-

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	-	0.32	-	2.39	2.42	1.98	-
$150 to $300	-	2.12	-	1.01	1.11	1.30	1.28
$100 to $150	-	2.43	-	-	1.12	0.53	3.86
$50 to $100	-	3.60	1.56	-	0.80	-	2.57
$0 to $50	-	3.30	2.64	-	-	-	4.11
-$50 to $0	4.51	-	16.94	-	-	-	-
-$100 to -$50	3.82	-	4.84	-	-	-	3.08
-$150 to -$100	4.21	-	5.45	-	-	-	2.47
-$300 to -$150	3.32	-	4.08	-	-	1.02	1.54
less than -$300	-	-	2.79	-	0.75	1.56	2.37

Disabled child

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child
FALSE	0.93	0.98	0.95	0.95	0.96	1.08	1.11
TRUE	1.43	1.26	1.59	1.28	1.06	0.45	0.54
Missing data	-	0.94	0.75	1.12	1.47	1.36	0.88

Disabled child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	0.91	0.93	0.90	0.84	0.90	1.27	1.16
TRUE	1.30	1.30	1.43	1.31	1.06	0.45	0.68
Missing data	0.89	0.81	0.75	1.12	1.25	1.04	1.01

Disabled person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	0.66	0.80	0.92	0.79	0.96	1.41	1.23
TRUE	1.58	1.39	1.23	1.33	0.95	0.46	0.70
Missing data	0.82	0.81	0.73	0.96	1.28	1.13	1.05

Disabled parent

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled parent
FALSE	0.74	0.89	1.01	0.93	1.04	1.18	1.05
TRUE	2.17	1.49	0.98	1.33	0.77	0.41	0.83

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	-	-	-	1.49	1.79	1.95	1.48
TRUE	2.5	2.7	2.65	0.48	0.28	0.20	0.50

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	1.34	-	1.40	1.14	1.23	0.55	1.87
TRUE	0.81	1.68	0.78	0.92	0.88	1.32	0.60

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	1.26	1.33	1.25	0.97	0.94	0.52	1.12
TRUE	-	-	-	1.23	1.23	4.38	0.68

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	-	-	-	1.12	3.31	1.59	0.88
TRUE	1.1	1.11	1.11	0.99	0.86	0.95	1.01

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Accommodation Supplement area
1	0.89	0.87	0.90	1.17	0.91	1.48	0.72
2	1.07	1.18	0.97	1.13	1.10	0.87	0.76
3	1.28	1.39	1.09	0.55	1.04	0.61	1.30
4	1.13	0.71	1.08	0.69	0.99	0.60	2.15

Is the house crowded

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	2.63	-	1.38	2.47	0.94	-	1.54
Crowded	0.89	0.68	1.51	1.28	1.25	0.42	1.28
Not crowded	1.16	1.44	1.24	0.86	0.85	0.77	0.94
Extra room	0.76	1.11	0.52	0.83	1.01	1.73	0.80
Many extra rooms	-	-	-	0.90	1.43	3.30	1.29
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	-	-	0.59	-	-	6.02	3.02
1	-	0.54	1.28	-	-	2.44	4.11
2	-	-	2.99	-	-	2.03	3.70
3	-	-	3.23	-	0.68	2.15	1.47
4	-	2.20	3.91	-	2.50	-	-
5	-	1.10	1.42	-	8.50	-	-
6	-	3.30	0.73	-	5.09	-	-
7	2.29	1.80	-	4.35	1.25	-	-
8	-	2.40	-	21.55	-	-	-
9	5.26	2.40	-	5.22	-	-	-
10	10.52	-	-	7.84	-	-	-
11	21.03	-	-	3.92	-	-	-
12	15.77	-	-	5.22	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Decile 2: 3%-6%	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	-	-	3.23	-	-	-	13.88
Decile 4: 10%-15%	2.19	-	2.77	1.25	0.60	-	2.35
Decile 5: 15%-20%	2.45	-	2.69	1.83	1.03	-	0.96
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.62	-	1.45	1.57	1.88	-	1.54
Decile 7: 23%-28%	-	1.39	-	2.18	2.00	-	2.18
Decile 8: 28%-35%	-	0.52	-	2.87	2.66	-	1.99
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.75	2.57	0.52	0.44	1.18	1.69	-
Decile 10: >46%	-	1.82	0.44	0.28	0.43	5.87	-

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing cost (decile)
1	-	-	4.15	-	-	-	10.80
2	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
3	5.26	-	3.63	-	-	-	3.08
4	3.87	-	4.54	0.48	0.40	-	1.47
5	1.50	1.16	1.82	1.12	0.66	-	2.06
6	-	1.57	0.61	2.10	1.38	0.43	1.12
7	-	2.32	-	1.49	1.61	0.89	0.69
8	-	2.15	-	1.00	1.93	1.76	-
9	-	1.16	-	1.38	1.25	3.33	-
10	-	-	-	-	0.97	15.69	-

Region

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Region
Auckland	0.89	0.84	1.00	1.22	0.85	1.45	0.73
Bay of Plenty	-	-	-	-	3.00	1.56	2.37
Canterbury	0.83	1.60	1.01	0.85	1.05	0.99	0.67
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	-	-	2.42	-	1.88	-	4.41
Manawatu Whanganui	2.25	2.03	-	-	2.05	-	1.90
Northland	-	2.83	-	-	-	1.74	4.11
Otago	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Southland	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Taranaki	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-
Waikato	1.20	1.20	1.07	0.65	0.97	1.05	0.91
Wellington	-	1.16	2.42	-	2.02	1.36	-

Tenure

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	3.72	-	3.98	1.42	0.60	-	0.63
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	-	-	0.39	0.53	1.54	3.07	1.22
No mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
No rent payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	0.63	1.99	0.56	1.27	1.04	0.96	0.63
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Asian

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Asian
FALSE	1.19	1.16	1.09	1.14	1.01	0.68	0.98
TRUE	-	0.34	0.65	-	1.02	3.94	1.21

European

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
European
FALSE	1.22	0.81	1.1	1.02	0.92	1.07	0.98
TRUE	0.80	1.17	0.9	0.97	1.06	0.96	1.05

Maori

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Maori
FALSE	0.69	0.82	0.76	0.98	1.07	1.42	1.03
TRUE	1.59	1.33	1.46	1.04	0.88	0.43	0.93

Pacific

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Pacific
FALSE	0.84	1.05	1.03	0.78	0.92	1.17	1.12
TRUE	1.63	0.81	0.90	1.90	1.29	0.50	0.58

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	1.87	2.37	1.76	0.82	0.51	0.46	0.50
Coupled parent	0.44	0.25	0.53	1.13	1.42	1.47	1.44

Number of children in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of children in the family
1	0.98	0.81	1.12	0.97	1.13	1.06	0.86
2	0.80	0.90	0.93	0.66	1.06	1.61	0.79
3+	1.20	1.20	0.95	1.36	0.89	0.53	1.29

Age of child

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Age of child
<3	1.01	0.78	0.70	0.92	1.22	1.32	0.86
3 to 4	1.03	1.22	0.91	0.98	1.07	1.02	0.77
5 to 11	1.04	1.26	0.95	0.96	0.86	1.05	0.96
12+	1.02	0.77	1.15	1.08	1.04	0.78	1.26

Youngest child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Youngest child in the family
<3	1.01	0.85	0.85	1.01	1.11	1.08	1.01
3 to 4	1.03	1.61	0.71	0.94	1.02	0.99	0.74
5 to 11	0.97	1.21	1.19	1.00	0.84	1.00	0.90
12+	1.00	0.52	1.09	1.03	1.04	0.94	1.43

Oldest person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Oldest person in the family
<18	-	-	-	-	3.75	-	6.17
18-30	2.02	1.93	1.23	1.00	0.81	0.52	0.43
31-40	0.91	1.13	0.80	1.06	0.97	1.23	0.84
41-50	0.64	0.69	1.03	0.82	1.17	1.27	1.11
51-64	1.28	0.46	1.53	1.18	0.91	0.73	1.30
65+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	-	4.12	4.54	-	-	1.22	-
3	1.26	1.93	0.87	0.81	0.71	1.19	0.54
4	0.80	0.93	0.94	0.60	0.96	1.75	0.80
5+	0.94	0.59	0.91	1.47	1.26	0.57	1.48

Number of families in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of families in the household
1	1.05	1.35	0.86	0.82	0.87	1.24	0.82
2	1.00	-	1.23	1.33	1.13	0.86	1.71
3	-	-	2.07	2.24	1.88	-	1.76
4	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	2.93	1.32	1.87	0.65	0.82	0.34	0.51
Secondary School	0.77	1.12	1.34	1.44	0.90	0.59	1.13
Cert/Diploma	0.71	1.21	0.81	1.14	1.16	0.85	1.05
Degree	-	0.66	-	0.57	1.25	3.09	1.17
Post Grad	-	-	-	0.95	1.03	3.85	1.44

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
TRUE	0.21	0.54	0.27	1.36	1.45	1.48	1.31
Missing data	3.00	2.28	2.97	0.28	0.24	0.30	0.45

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	2.84	2.35	2.88	0.35	0.17	0.34	0.52
1	-	0.56	0.27	1.45	1.47	1.41	1.46
2	-	-	-	1.49	2.41	1.78	1.05
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	3.74	2.15	4.71	-	0.19	-	0.32
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	3.51	3.96	2.75	-	-	-	0.69
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	1.71	2.86	1.92	-	0.28	0.66	1.00
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	-	1.10	-	0.89	1.09	1.63	2.00
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	-	-	-	1.24	1.75	1.20	2.88
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	-	-	-	2.27	1.82	1.04	2.00
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	-	-	-	1.57	1.88	4.07	-
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	-	-	-	1.38	3.75	2.19	-
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	-	-	-	2.61	2.92	1.85	-
Decile 10: >$162,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3.99	3.25	4.05	-	-	-	0.24
Benefits with some work	-	9.24	5.19	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	-	1.32	-	1.84	1.50	0.68	1.68
Work	-	-	-	1.42	1.78	1.97	1.52

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	-	3.93	5.77	3.36	1.01	1.55	8.36	1.24
2	-	3.19	3.81	4.36	1.87	2.54	4.07	4.12
3	0.80	1.07	-	1.15	2.60	1.48	-	2.68
4	2.71	-	-	-	1.21	1.12	-	0.69
5	6.13	-	-	-	0.90	0.57	-	-
6	18.21	-	-	-	-	0.36	-	-
7	9.55	-	-	-	-	0.69	-	-
8	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	7.06	2.08	9.56	1.41	1.26	2.30	4.58
2	-	3.23	4.64	2.93	1.48	2.41	1.56	10.03
3	0.45	0.79	2.84	-	2.60	2.13	2.62	-
4	1.65	-	0.53	-	1.11	1.11	1.39	-
5	5.78	-	-	-	1.05	0.55	-	-
6	10.93	-	-	-	-	0.60	-	-
7	8.86	-	-	-	-	0.74	-	-
8	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	5.69	0.18	-	-	0.67	0.56	-	0.19
$150 to $300	0.89	-	-	1.25	2.22	1.81	-	2.53
$100 to $150	0.34	-	-	-	4.49	4.69	-	4.71
$50 to $100	-	-	-	-	-	3.53	12.15	10.37
$0 to $50	-	-	3.83	4.18	-	3.83	7.18	3.61
-$50 to $0	-	4.84	6.17	6.73	-	1.39	2.05	5.81
-$100 to -$50	-	-	16.95	12.82	-	-	3.99	-
-$150 to -$100	-	6.17	9.80	3.14	-	2.44	5.29	-
-$300 to -$150	-	5.22	7.13	5.20	-	1.31	4.65	2.59
less than -$300	-	-	2.20	-	-	2.98	38.29	-

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	3.42	-	0.13	-	0.78	0.70	0.62	-
$150 to $300	0.18	-	4.74	-	2.34	2.68	3.09	2.96
$100 to $150	-	-	8.12	-	-	4.02	1.87	12.96
$50 to $100	-	-	12.02	5.15	-	2.87	-	8.64
$0 to $50	-	-	11.02	8.74	-	-	-	13.82
-$50 to $0	-	14.53	-	56.10	-	-	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	12.33	-	16.03	-	-	-	10.37
-$150 to -$100	-	13.56	-	18.03	-	-	-	8.29
-$300 to -$150	-	10.71	-	13.52	-	-	3.59	5.18
less than -$300	-	-	-	9.25	-	2.68	5.52	7.98

Disabled child

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child
FALSE	1.04	0.91	0.95	0.92	0.93	0.93	1.04	1.07
TRUE	0.66	1.83	1.62	2.00	1.64	1.39	0.64	0.73
Missing data	1.20	-	0.83	0.67	0.97	1.19	1.13	0.78

Disabled child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	1.16	0.82	0.84	0.81	0.77	0.82	1.09	1.03
TRUE	0.58	1.80	1.81	1.97	1.81	1.51	0.68	0.99
Missing data	1.00	0.90	0.83	0.77	1.11	1.20	1.03	1.01

Disabled person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	1.29	0.56	0.68	0.77	0.67	0.80	1.10	1.00
TRUE	0.59	2.14	1.90	1.70	1.82	1.36	0.70	1.00
Missing data	1.07	0.79	0.78	0.71	0.92	1.17	1.06	0.99

Disabled parent

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Disabled parent
FALSE	1.13	0.69	0.83	0.93	0.86	0.95	1.05	0.96
TRUE	0.51	3.13	2.20	1.49	1.98	1.24	0.68	1.29

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	1.73	-	-	-	0.95	1.04	1.11	0.93
TRUE	0.13	6.08	6.6	6.47	1.25	0.78	0.55	1.32

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	2.04	0.76	-	0.78	0.65	0.67	0.34	0.98
TRUE	0.38	1.43	2.84	1.39	1.63	1.61	2.30	1.09

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	1.09	1.17	1.21	1.15	0.92	0.89	0.53	1.04
TRUE	0.66	-	-	-	1.59	1.59	4.10	0.92

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	7.03	-	-	-	0.21	0.42	0.27	0.17
TRUE	0.45	1.78	1.8	1.79	1.61	1.46	1.59	1.65

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Accommodation Supplement area
1	0.93	0.94	0.93	0.95	1.21	0.97	1.46	0.77
2	1.07	1.02	1.11	0.93	1.07	1.03	0.85	0.74
3	0.98	1.27	1.36	1.09	0.57	1.05	0.65	1.28
4	1.03	1.09	0.71	1.05	0.69	0.97	0.62	1.89

Is the house crowded

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	0.71	3.03	-	1.69	2.81	1.20	-	1.85
Crowded	0.45	1.45	1.14	2.38	2.05	2.02	0.74	2.05
Not crowded	0.72	1.43	1.73	1.52	1.09	1.09	0.99	1.18
Extra room	1.41	0.60	0.85	0.43	0.66	0.78	1.20	0.64
Many extra rooms	2.73	-	-	-	0.41	0.59	1.05	0.56
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	3.36	-	-	0.23	-	-	1.19	0.91
1	1.74	-	0.37	0.82	-	-	1.30	2.01
2	1.33	-	-	2.05	-	-	1.42	2.33
3	0.74	-	-	3.37	-	0.88	2.31	1.73
4	0.86	-	2.20	3.51	-	2.28	-	-
5	-	-	3.67	4.69	-	30.37	-	-
6	-	-	11.02	2.40	-	18.19	-	-
7	-	7.37	6.01	-	14.33	4.47	-	-
8	-	-	8.01	-	70.92	-	-	-
9	-	16.95	8.01	-	17.19	-	-	-
10	-	33.91	-	-	25.79	-	-	-
11	-	67.82	-	-	12.90	-	-	-
12	-	50.86	-	-	17.19	-	-	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	6.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.66
Decile 2: 3%-6%	10.99	-	-	-	-	0.60	-	-
Decile 3: 6%-10%	1.86	-	-	1.66	-	-	-	3.52
Decile 4: 10%-15%	1.07	1.95	-	2.29	1.17	0.61	-	1.97
Decile 5: 15%-20%	1.14	2.05	-	2.13	1.56	0.93	-	0.88
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.85	0.98	-	0.87	0.93	1.01	-	0.91
Decile 7: 23%-28%	2.53	-	0.64	-	0.95	0.81	-	0.92
Decile 8: 28%-35%	1.34	-	0.44	-	2.00	1.67	-	1.45
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.49	1.17	3.59	0.83	0.71	1.83	2.47	-
Decile 10: >46%	0.07	-	5.17	1.27	0.80	1.33	15.56	-

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Housing cost (decile)
1	1.75	-	-	2.09	-	-	-	3.38
2	2.95	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.46
3	1.68	2.77	-	1.96	-	-	-	1.69
4	0.41	5.86	-	6.41	0.84	0.74	-	2.44
5	0.75	1.77	1.39	2.07	1.34	0.85	-	2.28
6	0.82	-	1.71	0.71	2.22	1.50	0.54	1.27
7	0.97	-	2.11	-	1.46	1.50	0.92	0.72
8	1.04	-	1.88	-	0.97	1.64	1.54	-
9	1.45	-	0.87	-	1.02	0.91	1.85	-
10	1.94	-	-	-	-	0.58	2.75	-

Region

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Region
Auckland	0.93	0.94	0.90	1.05	1.27	0.92	1.44	0.80
Bay of Plenty	1.61	-	-	-	-	1.55	1.00	1.44
Canterbury	1.19	0.74	1.34	0.89	0.76	0.92	0.87	0.61
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	1.48	-	-	1.60	-	1.22	-	2.41
Manawatu Whanganui	0.96	2.16	1.92	-	-	1.83	-	1.80
Northland	1.33	-	1.94	-	-	-	1.27	2.51
Otago	4.06	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.51
Southland	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Taranaki	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	3.45	-	-	-	3.68	-	-	-
Waikato	0.95	1.23	1.22	1.10	0.70	1.01	1.08	0.95
Wellington	1.99	-	0.67	1.25	-	1.00	0.75	-

Tenure

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	0.08	9.77	-	10.43	3.91	1.80	-	1.78
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	2.26	-	-	0.22	0.30	0.74	1.20	0.63
No mortgage payments	3.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.24
No rent payments	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	0.53	0.95	2.77	0.87	1.85	1.56	1.45	0.97
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	9.35	-	-	-	-	-	0.76	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Asian

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Asian
FALSE	1.01	1.17	1.13	1.07	1.12	1.00	0.70	0.97
TRUE	1.00	-	0.36	0.67	-	1.01	2.78	1.18

European

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
European
FALSE	0.56	1.74	1.19	1.58	1.47	1.36	1.55	1.42
TRUE	1.40	0.63	0.90	0.71	0.76	0.82	0.75	0.82

Maori

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Maori
FALSE	1.22	0.61	0.72	0.67	0.85	0.91	1.15	0.89
TRUE	0.60	2.13	1.80	1.96	1.43	1.25	0.64	1.30

Pacific

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Pacific
FALSE	1.15	0.76	0.94	0.92	0.72	0.84	1.03	1.00
TRUE	0.43	2.63	1.38	1.50	3.01	2.13	0.90	0.99

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family type
Single parent	0.35	3.29	4.04	3.11	1.51	1.01	0.90	0.96
Coupled parent	1.46	0.35	0.20	0.42	0.85	1.00	1.03	1.04

Number of children in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of children in the family
1	1.36	0.79	0.66	0.89	0.77	0.88	0.84	0.69
2	1.17	0.73	0.81	0.83	0.61	0.93	1.31	0.72
3+	0.66	1.55	1.55	1.25	1.73	1.20	0.74	1.66

Age of child

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Age of child
<3	1.01	1.00	0.79	0.71	0.92	1.17	1.26	0.87
3 to 4	0.96	1.05	1.22	0.94	1.01	1.09	1.04	0.81
5 to 11	0.96	1.07	1.27	0.98	0.99	0.90	1.08	0.99
12+	1.04	0.99	0.77	1.10	1.04	1.00	0.78	1.19

Youngest child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Youngest child in the family
<3	0.84	1.13	0.97	0.97	1.13	1.23	1.21	1.13
3 to 4	0.93	1.08	1.61	0.77	0.99	1.07	1.05	0.80
5 to 11	1.02	0.96	1.17	1.16	0.98	0.85	0.99	0.89
12+	1.26	0.85	0.46	0.91	0.87	0.87	0.80	1.16

Oldest person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Oldest person in the family
<18	1.66	-	-	-	-	1.73	-	2.68
18-30	0.50	2.95	2.78	1.87	1.53	1.29	0.85	0.69
31-40	0.83	1.03	1.26	0.92	1.20	1.11	1.35	0.96
41-50	1.43	0.50	0.55	0.79	0.64	0.87	0.93	0.84
51-64	1.23	1.09	0.42	1.26	1.00	0.79	0.65	1.08
65+	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of people in the household
1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	0.53	-	5.01	5.46	-	-	1.80	-
3	0.83	1.41	2.04	1.00	0.93	0.85	1.33	0.64
4	1.33	0.66	0.76	0.77	0.50	0.78	1.27	0.67
5+	0.94	0.98	0.64	0.96	1.48	1.27	0.63	1.47

Number of families in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of families in the household
1	0.97	1.07	1.33	0.89	0.85	0.91	1.23	0.85
2	1.13	0.92	-	1.11	1.19	1.02	0.80	1.47
3	1.18	-	-	1.68	1.80	1.45	-	1.45
4	2.34	-	-	-	-	2.82	-	-
5	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	0.32	5.15	2.47	3.40	1.26	1.63	0.70	1.01
Secondary School	0.67	1.00	1.44	1.69	1.81	1.20	0.81	1.46
Cert/Diploma	0.98	0.74	1.20	0.83	1.15	1.15	0.88	1.06
Degree	1.90	-	0.42	-	0.37	0.73	1.40	0.70
Post Grad	2.54	-	-	-	0.46	0.49	1.23	0.66

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
TRUE	1.43	0.17	0.44	0.22	1.01	1.03	1.06	0.98
Missing data	0.15	7.00	5.42	6.93	0.70	0.65	0.80	1.15

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Number of earners in the family
0	0.16	6.48	5.44	6.54	0.85	0.44	0.90	1.30
1	0.67	-	0.75	0.37	1.83	1.82	1.76	1.84
2	3.57	-	-	-	0.51	0.67	0.55	0.37
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	0.12	9.04	5.42	11.10	-	0.55	-	0.85
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	0.16	7.89	8.70	6.30	-	-	-	1.69
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	0.30	3.23	5.12	3.61	-	0.61	1.37	1.97
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	0.21	-	2.45	-	1.98	2.50	3.59	4.29
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	0.28	-	-	-	2.46	3.41	2.43	5.28
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	0.45	-	-	-	3.42	2.75	1.71	3.03
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	1.29	-	-	-	1.25	1.36	2.31	-
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	3.52	-	-	-	0.48	0.88	0.64	-
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	5.51	-	-	-	0.54	0.50	0.38	-
Decile 10: >$162,000	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Family’s main income source
None	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.10	10.07	8.35	10.19	-	-	-	0.65
Benefits with some work	-	-	30.86	17.17	-	-	-	-
Work with some benefits	0.26	-	2.71	-	3.68	3.09	1.49	3.39
Work	1.76	-	-	-	0.90	1.02	1.11	0.94

Material Wellbeing characteristics

Number of Children

Value	Number of children
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Do you give presents to family or friends on birthdays, Christmas or other special occasions?
Deprivation	12,000	13,000	6,000	0	16,000	7,000	0	0
No Deprivation	725,000	20,000	43,000	41,000	27,000	64,000	74,000	53,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
Do you have a meal with meat, fish or chicken (or vegetarian equivalent) at least each second day?
Deprivation	0	5,000	0	0	4,000	0	0	0
No Deprivation	735,000	28,000	47,000	43,000	40,000	69,000	75,000	53,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
Do you have house insurance?
Deprivation	56,000	26,000	31,000	18,000	29,000	30,000	12,000	8,000
No Deprivation	681,000	7,000	18,000	26,000	14,000	41,000	64,000	46,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
Do you have suitable clothes for important or special occasions?
Deprivation	0	15,000	7,000	0	9,000	6,000	0	0
No Deprivation	735,000	18,000	42,000	41,000	34,000	65,000	74,000	52,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
Do you have two pairs of shoes in a good condition that are suitable for your daily activities?
Deprivation	0	11,000	0	0	8,000	5,000	0	-
No Deprivation	735,000	22,000	46,000	41,000	35,000	67,000	75,000	53,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
If you (or your partner) had an unexpected and unavoidable expense of $500 in the next week, could you pay in a month without borrowing?
Deprivation	88,000	29,000	41,000	27,000	38,000	44,000	13,000	8,000
No Deprivation	648,000	4,000	7,000	16,000	6,000	27,000	62,000	45,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
In the last twelve months have you bought cheaper cuts of meat or less meat than you would like to keep costs down?
Deprivation	41,000	26,000	23,000	8,000	30,000	33,000	4,000	6,000
No Deprivation	695,000	7,000	25,000	35,000	13,000	38,000	72,000	48,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
In the last twelve months have you delayed replacing or repairing broken or damaged appliances to keep costs down?
Deprivation	21,000	23,000	17,000	5,000	28,000	29,000	0	0
No Deprivation	715,000	9,000	32,000	38,000	15,000	43,000	73,000	51,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
In the last twelve months have you done without or cut back on trips to the shops or other local placesto keep costs down?
Deprivation	34,000	25,000	20,000	7,000	32,000	33,000	4,000	3,000
No Deprivation	702,000	8,000	28,000	36,000	11,000	38,000	71,000	50,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
In the last twelve months have you had to go without fresh fruit or vegetables to keep costs down?
Deprivation	6,000	14,000	7,000	0	13,000	7,000	0	0
No Deprivation	731,000	19,000	42,000	42,000	30,000	64,000	75,000	53,000
Missing data	35,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the dentist to keep costs down?
Deprivation	139,000	27,000	31,000	14,000	36,000	50,000	13,000	8,000
No Deprivation	598,000	6,000	17,000	29,000	8,000	21,000	62,000	45,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the doctor to keep costs down?
Deprivation	19,000	18,000	16,000	4,000	25,000	21,000	0	0
No Deprivation	717,000	15,000	33,000	39,000	18,000	51,000	73,000	51,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	-	-
In the last twelve months have you put up with feeling cold to keep costs down?
Deprivation	17,000	18,000	10,000	6,000	18,000	19,000	3,000	0
No Deprivation	719,000	15,000	39,000	38,000	25,000	53,000	72,000	52,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
In the last twelve months, have you borrowed from friends or family to meet everyday living costs because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	19,000	21,000	23,000	8,000	27,000	21,000	3,000	4,000
No Deprivation	717,000	12,000	26,000	35,000	16,000	51,000	72,000	49,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay electricity, gas, rates or water bills on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	17,000	18,000	14,000	5,000	22,000	16,000	0	0
No Deprivation	719,000	15,000	35,000	38,000	21,000	55,000	73,000	51,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay for car insurance, registration or warrant of fitness on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	14,000	16,000	15,000	5,000	25,000	16,000	0	0
No Deprivation	722,000	17,000	33,000	38,000	18,000	56,000	73,000	51,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
Is your income enough?
Don't know	0	-	-	-	0	-	0	-
Not enough	30,000	23,000	20,000	16,000	25,000	19,000	7,000	6,000
Only just enough	167,000	9,000	19,000	20,000	15,000	39,000	31,000	19,000
Enough	345,000	0	9,000	7,000	0	10,000	30,000	23,000
More than enough	194,000	0	0	0	-	3,000	8,000	5,000
Refused	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-
When buying, or thinking about buying, clothes or shoes for yourself do you usually feel limited by money available?
Deprivation	43,000	26,000	22,000	12,000	33,000	34,000	6,000	4,000
No Deprivation	693,000	7,000	26,000	32,000	10,000	38,000	69,000	49,000
Missing data	36,000	-	0	0	-	8,000	0	-

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

Value	Item probability
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Do you give presents to family or friends on birthdays, Christmas or other special occasions?
Deprivation	2%	39%	12%	-	37%	9%	-	-
No Deprivation	94%	61%	86%	89%	63%	80%	99%	100%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
Do you have a meal with meat, fish or chicken (or vegetarian equivalent) at least each second day?
Deprivation	-	15%	-	-	9%	-	-	-
No Deprivation	95%	85%	94%	93%	93%	86%	100%	100%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
Do you have house insurance?
Deprivation	7%	79%	62%	39%	67%	38%	16%	15%
No Deprivation	88%	21%	36%	57%	33%	51%	85%	87%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
Do you have suitable clothes for important or special occasions?
Deprivation	-	45%	14%	-	21%	8%	-	-
No Deprivation	95%	55%	84%	89%	79%	81%	99%	98%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
Do you have two pairs of shoes in a good condition that are suitable for your daily activities?
Deprivation	-	33%	-	-	19%	6%	-	-
No Deprivation	95%	67%	92%	89%	81%	84%	100%	100%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
If you (or your partner) had an unexpected and unavoidable expense of $500 in the next week, could you pay in a month without borrowing?
Deprivation	11%	88%	82%	59%	88%	55%	17%	15%
No Deprivation	84%	12%	14%	35%	14%	34%	83%	85%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months have you bought cheaper cuts of meat or less meat than you would like to keep costs down?
Deprivation	5%	79%	46%	17%	70%	41%	5%	11%
No Deprivation	90%	21%	50%	76%	30%	48%	96%	91%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months have you delayed replacing or repairing broken or damaged appliances to keep costs down?
Deprivation	3%	70%	34%	11%	65%	36%	-	-
No Deprivation	93%	27%	64%	83%	35%	54%	97%	96%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months have you done without or cut back on trips to the shops or other local placesto keep costs down?
Deprivation	4%	76%	40%	15%	74%	41%	5%	6%
No Deprivation	91%	24%	56%	78%	26%	48%	95%	94%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to go without fresh fruit or vegetables to keep costs down?
Deprivation	1%	42%	14%	-	30%	9%	-	-
No Deprivation	95%	58%	84%	91%	70%	80%	100%	100%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the dentist to keep costs down?
Deprivation	18%	82%	62%	30%	84%	62%	17%	15%
No Deprivation	77%	18%	34%	63%	19%	26%	83%	85%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the doctor to keep costs down?
Deprivation	2%	55%	32%	9%	58%	26%	-	-
No Deprivation	93%	45%	66%	85%	42%	64%	97%	96%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months have you put up with feeling cold to keep costs down?
Deprivation	2%	55%	20%	13%	42%	24%	4%	-
No Deprivation	93%	45%	78%	83%	58%	66%	96%	98%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you borrowed from friends or family to meet everyday living costs because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	2%	64%	46%	17%	63%	26%	4%	8%
No Deprivation	93%	36%	52%	76%	37%	64%	96%	92%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay electricity, gas, rates or water bills on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	2%	55%	28%	11%	51%	20%	-	-
No Deprivation	93%	45%	70%	83%	49%	69%	97%	96%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay for car insurance, registration or warrant of fitness on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	2%	48%	30%	11%	58%	20%	-	-
No Deprivation	94%	52%	66%	83%	42%	70%	97%	96%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
Is your income enough?
Don't know	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not enough	4%	70%	40%	35%	58%	24%	9%	11%
Only just enough	22%	27%	38%	43%	35%	49%	41%	36%
Enough	45%	-	18%	15%	-	12%	40%	43%
More than enough	25%	-	-	-	-	4%	11%	9%
Refused	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-
When buying, or thinking about buying, clothes or shoes for yourself do you usually feel limited by money available?
Deprivation	6%	79%	44%	26%	77%	42%	8%	8%
No Deprivation	90%	21%	52%	70%	23%	48%	92%	92%
Missing data	5%	-	-	-	-	10%	-	-

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Do you give presents to family or friends on birthdays, Christmas or other special occasions?
Deprivation	4.71	1.10	-	4.82	0.75	-	-
No Deprivation	0.70	1.02	1.06	0.72	0.93	1.21	1.22
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Do you have a meal with meat, fish or chicken (or vegetarian equivalent) at least each second day?
Deprivation	13.14	-	-	6.27	-	-	-
No Deprivation	0.90	1.01	1.00	1.00	0.90	1.09	1.08
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Do you have house insurance?
Deprivation	2.14	1.66	0.96	1.82	0.91	0.34	0.34
No Deprivation	0.35	0.60	0.99	0.54	0.88	1.71	1.67
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Do you have suitable clothes for important or special occasions?
Deprivation	7.17	1.54	-	2.52	0.73	-	-
No Deprivation	0.61	0.98	1.04	0.91	0.93	1.19	1.17
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Do you have two pairs of shoes in a good condition that are suitable for your daily activities?
Deprivation	8.90	-	-	3.92	0.99	-	-
No Deprivation	0.73	1.04	1.00	0.90	0.92	1.16	1.14
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
If you (or your partner) had an unexpected and unavoidable expense of $500 in the next week, could you pay in a month without borrowing?
Deprivation	1.78	1.70	1.13	1.84	1.06	0.28	0.26
No Deprivation	0.26	0.29	0.77	0.29	0.72	2.40	2.28
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months have you bought cheaper cuts of meat or less meat than you would like to keep costs down?
Deprivation	2.63	1.42	0.48	2.35	1.28	0.13	0.30
No Deprivation	0.32	0.77	1.25	0.45	0.71	1.76	1.56
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months have you delayed replacing or repairing broken or damaged appliances to keep costs down?
Deprivation	3.06	1.32	0.37	2.97	1.49	-	-
No Deprivation	0.38	0.92	1.24	0.48	0.74	1.58	1.50
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months have you done without or cut back on trips to the shops or other local placesto keep costs down?
Deprivation	2.66	1.27	0.43	2.73	1.36	0.14	0.15
No Deprivation	0.36	0.86	1.27	0.37	0.70	1.69	1.61
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to go without fresh fruit or vegetables to keep costs down?
Deprivation	5.45	1.36	-	3.64	0.77	-	-
No Deprivation	0.65	0.98	1.08	0.80	0.92	1.22	1.20
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the dentist to keep costs down?
Deprivation	1.87	1.38	0.62	1.97	1.45	0.32	0.29
No Deprivation	0.35	0.66	1.32	0.35	0.47	2.00	1.94
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the doctor to keep costs down?
Deprivation	2.87	1.55	0.36	3.32	1.25	-	-
No Deprivation	0.60	0.88	1.17	0.54	0.84	1.43	1.37
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months have you put up with feeling cold to keep costs down?
Deprivation	3.38	1.03	0.64	2.52	1.30	0.17	-
No Deprivation	0.57	1.01	1.08	0.73	0.82	1.32	1.33
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you borrowed from friends or family to meet everyday living costs because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	2.57	1.81	0.59	2.65	0.92	0.12	0.24
No Deprivation	0.51	0.73	1.12	0.51	0.91	1.55	1.43
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay electricity, gas, rates or water bills on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	3.32	1.51	0.52	3.25	1.02	-	-
No Deprivation	0.58	0.91	1.10	0.62	0.89	1.38	1.33
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay for car insurance, registration or warrant of fitness on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	2.76	1.60	0.50	3.77	0.98	-	-
No Deprivation	0.66	0.86	1.11	0.53	0.91	1.39	1.34
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Is your income enough?
Don't know	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not enough	2.60	1.38	1.16	2.15	0.73	0.26	0.34
Only just enough	0.66	0.94	1.10	0.86	1.29	1.04	0.88
Enough	-	0.85	0.71	-	0.54	2.49	2.53
More than enough	-	-	-	-	0.87	4.07	2.80
Refused	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
When buying, or thinking about buying, clothes or shoes for yourself do you usually feel limited by money available?
Deprivation	2.46	1.26	0.70	2.49	1.24	0.19	0.19
No Deprivation	0.33	0.84	1.17	0.35	0.74	1.73	1.66
Missing data	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Not near poverty	Ben1	Ben2	Ben3	Working1	Working2	Working3	Working4
Do you give presents to family or friends on birthdays, Christmas or other special occasions?
Deprivation	0.14	10.75	2.75	-	10.86	2.00	-	-
No Deprivation	1.11	0.66	0.94	0.98	0.68	0.87	1.09	1.11
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
Do you have a meal with meat, fish or chicken (or vegetarian equivalent) at least each second day?
Deprivation	-	42.39	-	-	20.63	-	-	-
No Deprivation	1.02	0.89	0.99	0.99	0.98	0.91	1.06	1.06
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
Do you have house insurance?
Deprivation	0.18	4.79	3.82	2.25	4.13	2.23	0.87	0.82
No Deprivation	1.55	0.27	0.45	0.72	0.41	0.64	1.10	1.12
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
Do you have suitable clothes for important or special occasions?
Deprivation	-	23.12	5.14	-	8.29	2.59	-	-
No Deprivation	1.11	0.59	0.91	0.97	0.85	0.87	1.08	1.07
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
Do you have two pairs of shoes in a good condition that are suitable for your daily activities?
Deprivation	-	28.69	-	-	12.90	3.53	-	-
No Deprivation	1.07	0.71	0.99	0.95	0.87	0.89	1.08	1.08
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
If you (or your partner) had an unexpected and unavoidable expense of $500 in the next week, could you pay in a month without borrowing?
Deprivation	0.22	3.80	3.66	2.49	3.92	2.42	0.68	0.59
No Deprivation	1.91	0.17	0.19	0.48	0.19	0.46	1.18	1.21
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months have you bought cheaper cuts of meat or less meat than you would like to keep costs down?
Deprivation	0.16	6.08	3.43	1.18	5.49	3.20	0.34	0.75
No Deprivation	1.44	0.26	0.61	0.94	0.36	0.57	1.20	1.12
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months have you delayed replacing or repairing broken or damaged appliances to keep costs down?
Deprivation	0.10	7.80	3.53	1.02	7.60	4.13	-	-
No Deprivation	1.35	0.32	0.75	0.97	0.40	0.62	1.16	1.14
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months have you done without or cut back on trips to the shops or other local placesto keep costs down?
Deprivation	0.13	6.37	3.19	1.11	6.55	3.54	0.37	0.40
No Deprivation	1.43	0.29	0.67	0.95	0.30	0.56	1.17	1.16
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to go without fresh fruit or vegetables to keep costs down?
Deprivation	0.07	14.39	3.86	-	9.86	2.35	-	-
No Deprivation	1.11	0.62	0.91	1.00	0.75	0.86	1.10	1.10
Missing data	2.15	-	-	-	-	3.06	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the dentist to keep costs down?
Deprivation	0.38	3.15	2.38	1.11	3.29	2.50	0.61	0.54
No Deprivation	1.57	0.26	0.49	0.92	0.27	0.37	1.23	1.26
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months have you had to postpone or put off visits to the doctor to keep costs down?
Deprivation	0.11	7.18	4.05	0.97	8.27	3.43	-	-
No Deprivation	1.26	0.52	0.75	0.98	0.47	0.72	1.13	1.12
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months have you put up with feeling cold to keep costs down?
Deprivation	0.11	8.36	2.72	1.70	6.36	3.54	0.49	-
No Deprivation	1.20	0.51	0.88	0.94	0.65	0.74	1.10	1.12
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you borrowed from friends or family to meet everyday living costs because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	0.09	6.78	4.92	1.63	7.03	2.68	0.35	0.68
No Deprivation	1.35	0.42	0.60	0.89	0.43	0.74	1.14	1.09
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay electricity, gas, rates or water bills on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	0.11	8.25	3.96	1.38	8.11	2.82	-	-
No Deprivation	1.23	0.51	0.79	0.94	0.55	0.77	1.12	1.11
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
In the last twelve months, have you not been able to pay for car insurance, registration or warrant of fitness on time because of a shortage of money?
Deprivation	0.09	7.23	4.35	1.40	9.77	2.86	-	-
No Deprivation	1.24	0.58	0.75	0.94	0.47	0.79	1.12	1.11
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
Is your income enough?
Don't know	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not enough	0.13	6.34	3.50	2.96	5.33	2.00	0.72	0.89
Only just enough	0.54	0.98	1.40	1.61	1.27	1.87	1.55	1.31
Enough	2.15	-	0.48	0.40	-	0.32	1.09	1.19
More than enough	5.97	-	-	-	-	0.19	0.57	0.51
Refused	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-
When buying, or thinking about buying, clothes or shoes for yourself do you usually feel limited by money available?
Deprivation	0.15	5.72	3.07	1.72	5.79	3.12	0.50	0.47
No Deprivation	1.48	0.26	0.64	0.86	0.28	0.57	1.16	1.16
Missing data	2.22	-	-	-	-	2.98	-	-