Treasury Analytical Note : Insights from New Zealand child poverty data

These detailed outputs accompany the analytical note https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/an/an-22-04

This analytical note outlines an approach that uses the available data to provide insights into three different indicators of poverty, making use of recent data and modelling improvements. It applies a statistical algorithm to identify seven different categories of children in poverty and describes the characteristics of children in each group.

The tables below describe the characteristics of each group, where the groups are defined based on the overlap of three poverty indicators. These results are provided to compare with the clustering results in the file analytical-note-22-04-child-poverty-data-clustered-group-characteristics.html.

Groups

Groups are defined based on three poverty indicators - moving-line BHC50, fixed-line AHC50, and Material Hardship.

These detailed results have been derived by the author using the TAWA model for Tax Year 2020. They are indicative of the characteristics of each group. Due to Stat NZ’s confidentiality requirements some groups are suppressed, which means that the groups may not sum to totals.

Modelling assumptions

Source: Authors calculations. These results have not gone through Treasury’s rigorous QA process that is used for costings and official advice.

• This analysis was carried out using Treasury’s micro-simulation model of the tax and welfare system - TAWA. All calculations should be considered as estimations.

• Estimates are for the 2019/20 tax year using HES 2019/20 augmented using IDI data.

• The modified OECD equivalisation scale is used to calculate equivalised incomes.

• A take-up rate (a model based on admin recipients) has been applied to the Accommodation Supplement when the expected number of recipients changes. Recipients are in the first case based on receipt in the admin data.

• Apparent inconsistencies in totals are due to rounding and/or suppression, with estimates being suppressed if they did not meet the confidentiality requirements of Statistics NZ.

IDI Disclaimer

These results are not official statistics. They have been created for research purposes from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) which is carefully managed by Stats NZ. For more information about the IDI please visit https://www.stats.govt.nz/integrated-data/. The results are based in part on tax data supplied by Inland Revenue to Stats NZ under the Tax Administration Act 1994 for statistical purposes. Any discussion of data limitations or weaknesses is in the context of using the IDI for statistical purposes, and is not related to the data’s ability to support Inland Revenue’s core operational requirements.

Clustering characteristics

Number of Children

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	0	0	16,000	54,000	0	6,000	31,000	0	7,000
2	37,000	26,000	-	-	13,000	-	-	12,000	4,000
3	109,000	26,000	-	-	11,000	-	-	27,000	6,000
4	142,000	7,000	-	-	0	-	-	14,000	7,000
5	138,000	0	-	-	0	-	-	9,000	7,000
6	110,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	3,000	7,000
7	90,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	0	4,000
8	74,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	0	0
9	67,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
10	68,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0
Dep17
0	481,000	23,000	5,000	15,000	-	-	-	-	-
1	157,000	11,000	0	10,000	-	-	-	-	-
2	74,000	8,000	0	6,000	-	-	-	-	-
3	49,000	8,000	0	10,000	-	-	-	-	-
4	41,000	9,000	0	6,000	-	-	-	-	-
5	33,000	7,000	0	7,000	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	8,000	0	8,000	18,000	-
7	-	-	-	-	0	0	5,000	17,000	-
8	-	-	-	-	4,000	0	0	11,000	-
9	-	-	-	-	6,000	0	0	6,000	-
10	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	6,000	-
11	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	5,000	-
12	-	-	-	-	0	-	4,000	4,000	-
13	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	-
14	-	-	-	-	0	-	0	0	-
15	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	47,000
Family's main income source
None	4,000	0	0	3,000	0	-	0	0	0
Benefits	25,000	11,000	3,000	16,000	12,000	5,000	16,000	9,000	4,000
Benefits with some work	11,000	8,000	0	7,000	8,000	0	5,000	6,000	0
Work with some benefits	32,000	9,000	0	4,000	0	0	3,000	10,000	4,000
Work	764,000	37,000	8,000	25,000	4,000	0	4,000	45,000	36,000
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	77,000	-	0	0	-	0	0	0	3,000
Decile 2: 3%-6%	67,000	-	0	0	-	0	-	3,000	4,000
Decile 3: 6%-10%	52,000	-	5,000	0	-	0	0	3,000	4,000
Decile 4: 10%-15%	69,000	-	3,000	6,000	-	0	0	7,000	4,000
Decile 5: 15%-20%	89,000	-	0	8,000	-	0	7,000	11,000	4,000
Decile 6: 20%-23%	117,000	-	0	7,000	-	-	4,000	8,000	8,000
Decile 7: 23%-28%	124,000	0	-	0	-	-	0	9,000	5,000
Decile 8: 28%-35%	122,000	6,000	-	4,000	0	-	3,000	17,000	5,000
Decile 9: 35%-46%	99,000	16,000	-	6,000	12,000	-	6,000	9,000	5,000
Decile 10: >46%	19,000	43,000	-	18,000	12,000	-	5,000	0	4,000

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	-	100%	100%	-	100%	100%	-	15%
2	4%	39%	-	-	48%	-	-	17%	9%
3	13%	39%	-	-	41%	-	-	39%	13%
4	17%	11%	-	-	-	-	-	20%	15%
5	17%	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	15%
6	13%	-	-	-	-	-	-	4%	15%
7	11%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9%
8	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dep17
0	58%	35%	31%	28%	-	-	-	-	-
1	19%	17%	-	19%	-	-	-	-	-
2	9%	12%	-	11%	-	-	-	-	-
3	6%	12%	-	19%	-	-	-	-	-
4	5%	14%	-	11%	-	-	-	-	-
5	4%	11%	-	13%	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	30%	-	26%	26%	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	16%	24%	-
8	-	-	-	-	15%	-	-	16%	-
9	-	-	-	-	22%	-	-	9%	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9%	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7%	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	6%	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%
Family's main income source
None	0%	-	-	6%	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3%	17%	19%	30%	44%	83%	52%	13%	9%
Benefits with some work	1%	12%	-	13%	30%	-	16%	9%	-
Work with some benefits	4%	14%	-	7%	-	-	10%	14%	9%
Work	91%	56%	50%	46%	15%	-	13%	64%	77%
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6%
Decile 2: 3%-6%	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	4%	9%
Decile 3: 6%-10%	6%	-	31%	-	-	-	-	4%	9%
Decile 4: 10%-15%	8%	-	19%	11%	-	-	-	10%	9%
Decile 5: 15%-20%	11%	-	-	15%	-	-	23%	16%	9%
Decile 6: 20%-23%	14%	-	-	13%	-	-	13%	11%	17%
Decile 7: 23%-28%	15%	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	11%
Decile 8: 28%-35%	15%	9%	-	7%	-	-	10%	24%	11%
Decile 9: 35%-46%	12%	24%	-	11%	44%	-	19%	13%	11%
Decile 10: >46%	2%	65%	-	33%	44%	-	16%	-	9%

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	3.07	4.38	-	2.88	3.45	-	0.38
2	3.41	-	-	3.32	-	-	0.98	0.45
3	2.25	-	-	2.00	-	-	2.22	0.54
4	1.27	-	-	-	-	-	3.53	1.91
5	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.54	4.47
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.51	13.40
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dep17
0	4.37	2.48	2.61	-	-	-	-	-
1	4.18	-	4.43	-	-	-	-	-
2	5.07	-	3.65	-	-	-	-	-
3	3.04	-	6.09	-	-	-	-	-
4	5.70	-	3.25	-	-	-	-	-
5	3.80	-	4.87	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	3.30	-	2.84	3.97	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	2.71	12.00	-
8	-	-	-	3.91	-	-	9.70	-
9	-	-	-	10.74	-	-	3.53	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	9.23	3.53	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Family's main income source
None	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.64	0.77	1.30	2.01	3.65	2.46	0.47	0.32
Benefits with some work	1.17	-	1.26	3.30	-	1.59	0.76	-
Work with some benefits	1.63	-	0.75	-	-	1.03	1.76	0.88
Work	1.15	1.00	0.91	0.28	-	0.24	1.39	1.68
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Decile 2: 3%-6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.65	7.66
Decile 3: 6%-10%	-	13.44	-	-	-	-	1.18	2.87
Decile 4: 10%-15%	-	3.32	2.09	-	-	-	1.90	1.44
Decile 5: 15%-20%	-	-	1.77	-	-	2.81	2.04	0.88
Decile 6: 20%-23%	-	-	1.70	-	-	1.60	1.49	2.42
Decile 7: 23%-28%	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.35	3.19
Decile 8: 28%-35%	0.79	-	0.63	-	-	0.86	3.33	0.96
Decile 9: 35%-46%	1.60	-	0.61	3.07	-	1.15	0.71	0.59
Decile 10: >46%	4.19	-	1.37	1.84	-	0.60	-	0.29

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	-	11.60	18.32	-	10.62	13.52	-	1.54
2	0.26	6.49	-	-	6.86	-	-	2.32	1.07
3	0.59	2.80	-	-	2.73	-	-	2.75	0.82
4	1.92	0.71	-	-	-	-	-	1.39	1.01
5	3.27	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.96	1.12
6	4.17	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.40	1.46
7	8.53	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.05
8	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dep17
0	4.24	0.76	0.68	0.60	-	-	-	-	-
1	2.83	1.08	-	1.21	-	-	-	-	-
2	2.00	1.65	-	1.49	-	-	-	-	-
3	1.03	2.23	-	3.57	-	-	-	-	-
4	1.04	3.15	-	2.44	-	-	-	-	-
5	0.89	2.88	-	3.56	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	12.83	-	11.14	17.41	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	10.65	52.60	-
8	-	-	-	-	15.16	-	-	42.55	-
9	-	-	-	-	41.70	-	-	15.47	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	-	36.19	15.47	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Family's main income source
None	0.51	-	-	15.26	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.12	2.01	2.18	3.83	5.62	9.96	6.81	1.51	0.97
Benefits with some work	0.12	3.56	-	3.75	9.02	-	4.52	2.38	-
Work with some benefits	0.40	2.80	-	1.40	-	-	1.84	2.98	1.62
Work	1.82	0.69	0.62	0.57	0.18	-	0.16	0.79	0.96
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	9.73	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.92
Decile 2: 3%-6%	3.63	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.65	1.34
Decile 3: 6%-10%	1.64	-	6.02	-	-	-	-	0.76	1.57
Decile 4: 10%-15%	1.31	-	2.48	1.47	-	-	-	1.32	1.11
Decile 5: 15%-20%	1.12	-	-	1.47	-	-	2.26	1.58	0.82
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.64	-	-	1.04	-	-	1.03	0.91	1.38
Decile 7: 23%-28%	3.36	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.08	0.88
Decile 8: 28%-35%	1.32	0.65	-	0.53	-	-	0.71	1.88	0.77
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.70	1.92	-	0.83	3.55	-	1.48	0.97	0.79
Decile 10: >46%	0.09	12.21	-	4.41	5.62	-	1.89	-	0.97

Poverty

Number of Children

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	836,000	-	16,000	-	-	6,000	-	70,000	38,000
TRUE	-	66,000	-	54,000	27,000	-	31,000	-	9,000
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	836,000	66,000	-	-	27,000	-	-	70,000	40,000
TRUE	-	-	16,000	54,000	-	6,000	31,000	-	7,000
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	836,000	66,000	16,000	54,000	-	-	-	-	-
TRUE	-	-	-	-	27,000	6,000	31,000	70,000	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	47,000
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	-	31,000	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	-	27,000	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	6,000	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	70,000	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	54,000	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	-	16,000	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	-	66,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	836,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	47,000

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	100%	-	100%	-	-	100%	-	100%	81%
TRUE	-	100%	-	100%	100%	-	100%	-	19%
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	100%	100%	-	-	100%	-	-	100%	85%
TRUE	-	-	100%	100%	-	100%	100%	-	15%
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	100%	100%	100%	100%	-	-	-	-	-
TRUE	-	-	-	-	100%	100%	100%	100%	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	-	100%	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	-	100%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	100%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	-	2.64	-	-	2.51	-	4.12	2.37
TRUE	2.07	-	1.98	1.81	-	1.83	-	0.29
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	1.83	-	-	1.65	-	-	1.86	1.41
TRUE	-	3.07	4.38	-	2.88	3.45	-	0.38
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	3.59	2.51	3.21	-	-	-	-	-
TRUE	-	-	-	2.71	2.43	2.78	3.86	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Below fixed-line AHC50 threshold
FALSE	2.44	-	1.20	-	-	1.19	-	1.21	0.96
TRUE	-	8.98	-	8.26	7.04	-	7.19	-	1.19
Below moving-line BHC50 threshold
FALSE	1.56	1.12	-	-	1.11	-	-	1.12	0.94
TRUE	-	-	11.60	18.32	-	10.62	13.52	-	1.54
Material Hardship (Dep17>=6)
FALSE	2.33	1.20	1.19	1.20	-	-	-	-	-
TRUE	-	-	-	-	10.52	8.96	10.89	16.92	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Main characteristics

Number of Children

Dep17

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dep17
0	481,000	23,000	5,000	15,000	-	-	-	-	-
1	157,000	11,000	0	10,000	-	-	-	-	-
2	74,000	8,000	0	6,000	-	-	-	-	-
3	49,000	8,000	0	10,000	-	-	-	-	-
4	41,000	9,000	0	6,000	-	-	-	-	-
5	33,000	7,000	0	7,000	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	8,000	0	8,000	18,000	-
7	-	-	-	-	0	0	5,000	17,000	-
8	-	-	-	-	4,000	0	0	11,000	-
9	-	-	-	-	6,000	0	0	6,000	-
10	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	6,000	-
11	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	5,000	-
12	-	-	-	-	0	-	4,000	4,000	-
13	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	-
14	-	-	-	-	0	-	0	0	-
15	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	47,000

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	691,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	35,000	32,000
$150 to $300	80,000	-	4,000	-	-	0	-	18,000	0
$100 to $150	24,000	-	0	-	-	0	-	8,000	0
$50 to $100	23,000	-	4,000	-	-	0	-	5,000	0
$0 to $50	17,000	-	5,000	-	-	0	-	5,000	0
-$50 to $0	-	14,000	-	7,000	8,000	-	4,000	-	0
-$100 to -$50	-	13,000	-	9,000	6,000	-	5,000	-	0
-$150 to -$100	-	12,000	-	4,000	7,000	-	4,000	-	0
-$300 to -$150	-	15,000	-	14,000	5,000	-	10,000	-	0
less than -$300	-	12,000	-	19,000	0	-	7,000	-	5,000

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	758,000	16,000	-	-	0	-	-	45,000	34,000
$150 to $300	52,000	23,000	-	-	10,000	-	-	15,000	0
$100 to $150	13,000	9,000	-	-	5,000	-	-	5,000	0
$50 to $100	6,000	9,000	-	-	5,000	-	-	0	0
$0 to $50	6,000	10,000	-	-	5,000	-	-	0	0
-$50 to $0	-	-	5,000	7,000	-	0	3,000	-	0
-$100 to -$50	-	-	5,000	7,000	-	0	7,000	-	0
-$150 to -$100	-	-	0	7,000	-	0	7,000	-	0
-$300 to -$150	-	-	0	16,000	-	0	8,000	-	0
less than -$300	-	-	0	17,000	-	-	6,000	-	0

Poverty

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	-	31,000	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	-	27,000	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	6,000	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	70,000	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	54,000	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	-	16,000	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	-	66,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	836,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	47,000

Family’s main income source

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	4,000	0	0	3,000	0	-	0	0	0
Benefits	25,000	11,000	3,000	16,000	12,000	5,000	16,000	9,000	4,000
Benefits with some work	11,000	8,000	0	7,000	8,000	0	5,000	6,000	0
Work with some benefits	32,000	9,000	0	4,000	0	0	3,000	10,000	4,000
Work	764,000	37,000	8,000	25,000	4,000	0	4,000	45,000	36,000

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	77,000	-	0	0	-	0	0	0	3,000
Decile 2: 3%-6%	67,000	-	0	0	-	0	-	3,000	4,000
Decile 3: 6%-10%	52,000	-	5,000	0	-	0	0	3,000	4,000
Decile 4: 10%-15%	69,000	-	3,000	6,000	-	0	0	7,000	4,000
Decile 5: 15%-20%	89,000	-	0	8,000	-	0	7,000	11,000	4,000
Decile 6: 20%-23%	117,000	-	0	7,000	-	-	4,000	8,000	8,000
Decile 7: 23%-28%	124,000	0	-	0	-	-	0	9,000	5,000
Decile 8: 28%-35%	122,000	6,000	-	4,000	0	-	3,000	17,000	5,000
Decile 9: 35%-46%	99,000	16,000	-	6,000	12,000	-	6,000	9,000	5,000
Decile 10: >46%	19,000	43,000	-	18,000	12,000	-	5,000	0	4,000

Housing tenure

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	22,000	0	6,000	15,000	0	4,000	14,000	14,000	4,000
Other	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
Owned	561,000	24,000	8,000	16,000	0	0	0	13,000	25,000
Private Rental	252,000	42,000	0	24,000	24,000	0	14,000	43,000	18,000

Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	733,000	33,000	14,000	39,000	0	3,000	18,000	42,000	39,000
TRUE	103,000	33,000	0	15,000	24,000	0	13,000	28,000	8,000

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	719,000	33,000	14,000	38,000	0	3,000	18,000	40,000	38,000
TRUE	116,000	33,000	0	16,000	24,000	0	13,000	30,000	9,000

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	521,000	39,000	8,000	31,000	10,000	3,000	11,000	25,000	25,000
TRUE	182,000	16,000	6,000	16,000	14,000	0	16,000	34,000	16,000
Missing data	132,000	10,000	0	8,000	0	0	4,000	11,000	5,000

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	748,000	60,000	12,000	46,000	17,000	4,000	21,000	51,000	39,000
TRUE	87,000	6,000	4,000	8,000	10,000	0	10,000	20,000	8,000

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	0
None	62,000	12,000	0	12,000	7,000	0	11,000	14,000	5,000
Secondary School	159,000	11,000	6,000	18,000	9,000	0	9,000	20,000	12,000
Cert/Diploma	235,000	18,000	4,000	14,000	9,000	0	8,000	24,000	17,000
Degree	181,000	14,000	0	5,000	0	0	0	6,000	6,000
Post Grad	199,000	11,000	3,000	6,000	0	-	0	6,000	6,000

Family type

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	132,000	28,000	6,000	24,000	20,000	4,000	17,000	30,000	10,000
Coupled parent	704,000	38,000	10,000	30,000	6,000	0	13,000	40,000	36,000

Is the house crowded?

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	42,000	0	0	4,000	0	0	5,000	6,000	4,000
Crowded	68,000	7,000	4,000	11,000	0	0	5,000	14,000	12,000
Not crowded	243,000	23,000	6,000	24,000	14,000	0	13,000	29,000	16,000
Extra room	318,000	27,000	4,000	12,000	8,000	0	7,000	16,000	10,000
Many extra rooms	166,000	10,000	0	3,000	0	-	0	6,000	5,000
Unknown	-	-	-	-	0	-	-	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	35,000	13,000	5,000	24,000	13,000	5,000	19,000	11,000	6,000
1	232,000	32,000	9,000	26,000	12,000	0	10,000	37,000	16,000
2	568,000	21,000	0	5,000	0	0	0	23,000	25,000
3	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

Dep17

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dep17
0	58%	35%	31%	28%	-	-	-	-	-
1	19%	17%	-	19%	-	-	-	-	-
2	9%	12%	-	11%	-	-	-	-	-
3	6%	12%	-	19%	-	-	-	-	-
4	5%	14%	-	11%	-	-	-	-	-
5	4%	11%	-	13%	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	30%	-	26%	26%	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	16%	24%	-
8	-	-	-	-	15%	-	-	16%	-
9	-	-	-	-	22%	-	-	9%	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9%	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7%	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	6%	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	83%	-	-	-	-	-	-	50%	68%
$150 to $300	10%	-	25%	-	-	-	-	26%	-
$100 to $150	3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%	-
$50 to $100	3%	-	25%	-	-	-	-	7%	-
$0 to $50	2%	-	31%	-	-	-	-	7%	-
-$50 to $0	-	21%	-	13%	30%	-	13%	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	20%	-	17%	22%	-	16%	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	18%	-	7%	26%	-	13%	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	23%	-	26%	19%	-	32%	-	-
less than -$300	-	18%	-	35%	-	-	23%	-	11%

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	91%	24%	-	-	-	-	-	64%	72%
$150 to $300	6%	35%	-	-	37%	-	-	21%	-
$100 to $150	2%	14%	-	-	19%	-	-	7%	-
$50 to $100	1%	14%	-	-	19%	-	-	-	-
$0 to $50	1%	15%	-	-	19%	-	-	-	-
-$50 to $0	-	-	31%	13%	-	-	10%	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	-	31%	13%	-	-	23%	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	-	-	13%	-	-	23%	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	-	-	30%	-	-	26%	-	-
less than -$300	-	-	-	31%	-	-	19%	-	-

Poverty

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	-	100%	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	-	100%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	100%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%

Family’s main income source

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	0%	-	-	6%	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3%	17%	19%	30%	44%	83%	52%	13%	9%
Benefits with some work	1%	12%	-	13%	30%	-	16%	9%	-
Work with some benefits	4%	14%	-	7%	-	-	10%	14%	9%
Work	91%	56%	50%	46%	15%	-	13%	64%	77%

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6%
Decile 2: 3%-6%	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	4%	9%
Decile 3: 6%-10%	6%	-	31%	-	-	-	-	4%	9%
Decile 4: 10%-15%	8%	-	19%	11%	-	-	-	10%	9%
Decile 5: 15%-20%	11%	-	-	15%	-	-	23%	16%	9%
Decile 6: 20%-23%	14%	-	-	13%	-	-	13%	11%	17%
Decile 7: 23%-28%	15%	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	11%
Decile 8: 28%-35%	15%	9%	-	7%	-	-	10%	24%	11%
Decile 9: 35%-46%	12%	24%	-	11%	44%	-	19%	13%	11%
Decile 10: >46%	2%	65%	-	33%	44%	-	16%	-	9%

Housing tenure

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	3%	-	38%	28%	-	67%	45%	20%	9%
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Owned	67%	36%	50%	30%	-	-	-	19%	53%
Private Rental	30%	64%	-	44%	89%	-	45%	61%	38%

Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	88%	50%	88%	72%	-	50%	58%	60%	83%
TRUE	12%	50%	-	28%	89%	-	42%	40%	17%

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	86%	50%	88%	70%	-	50%	58%	57%	81%
TRUE	14%	50%	-	30%	89%	-	42%	43%	19%

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	62%	59%	50%	57%	37%	50%	35%	36%	53%
TRUE	22%	24%	38%	30%	52%	-	52%	49%	34%
Missing data	16%	15%	-	15%	-	-	13%	16%	11%

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	89%	91%	75%	85%	63%	67%	68%	73%	83%
TRUE	10%	9%	25%	15%	37%	-	32%	29%	17%

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	7%	18%	-	22%	26%	-	35%	20%	11%
Secondary School	19%	17%	38%	33%	33%	-	29%	29%	26%
Cert/Diploma	28%	27%	25%	26%	33%	-	26%	34%	36%
Degree	22%	21%	-	9%	-	-	-	9%	13%
Post Grad	24%	17%	19%	11%	-	-	-	9%	13%

Family type

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	16%	42%	38%	44%	74%	67%	55%	43%	21%
Coupled parent	84%	58%	62%	56%	22%	-	42%	57%	77%

Is the house crowded?

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	5%	-	-	7%	-	-	16%	9%	9%
Crowded	8%	11%	25%	20%	-	-	16%	20%	26%
Not crowded	29%	35%	38%	44%	52%	-	42%	41%	34%
Extra room	38%	41%	25%	22%	30%	-	23%	23%	21%
Many extra rooms	20%	15%	-	6%	-	-	-	9%	11%
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	4%	20%	31%	44%	48%	83%	61%	16%	13%
1	28%	48%	56%	48%	44%	-	32%	53%	34%
2	68%	32%	-	9%	-	-	-	33%	53%
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Dep17

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dep17
0	4.37	2.48	2.61	-	-	-	-	-
1	4.18	-	4.43	-	-	-	-	-
2	5.07	-	3.65	-	-	-	-	-
3	3.04	-	6.09	-	-	-	-	-
4	5.70	-	3.25	-	-	-	-	-
5	3.80	-	4.87	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	3.30	-	2.84	3.97	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	2.71	12.00	-
8	-	-	-	3.91	-	-	9.70	-
9	-	-	-	10.74	-	-	3.53	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	9.23	3.53	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.86	5.25
$150 to $300	-	4.18	-	-	-	-	15.88	-
$100 to $150	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
$50 to $100	-	15.05	-	-	-	-	4.41	-
$0 to $50	-	18.81	-	-	-	-	3.53	-
-$50 to $0	2.80	-	1.31	3.44	-	1.27	-	-
-$100 to -$50	2.47	-	1.83	2.39	-	1.65	-	-
-$150 to -$100	3.04	-	0.85	3.76	-	1.60	-	-
-$300 to -$150	1.97	-	2.27	1.38	-	2.71	-	-
less than -$300	1.47	-	3.86	-	-	1.79	-	0.76

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	0.77	-	-	-	-	-	3.18	3.2
$150 to $300	3.50	-	-	2.83	-	-	1.60	-
$100 to $150	3.42	-	-	3.84	-	-	1.26	-
$50 to $100	6.85	-	-	5.97	-	-	-	-
$0 to $50	7.61	-	-	5.37	-	-	-	-
-$50 to $0	-	9.41	4.26	-	-	2.31	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	6.72	2.84	-	-	5.38	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	-	4.87	-	-	9.23	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	-	9.74	-	-	4.61	-	-
less than -$300	-	-	13.80	-	-	3.26	-	-

Poverty

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.64	0.77	1.30	2.01	3.65	2.46	0.47	0.32
Benefits with some work	1.17	-	1.26	3.30	-	1.59	0.76	-
Work with some benefits	1.63	-	0.75	-	-	1.03	1.76	0.88
Work	1.15	1.00	0.91	0.28	-	0.24	1.39	1.68

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Decile 2: 3%-6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.65	7.66
Decile 3: 6%-10%	-	13.44	-	-	-	-	1.18	2.87
Decile 4: 10%-15%	-	3.32	2.09	-	-	-	1.90	1.44
Decile 5: 15%-20%	-	-	1.77	-	-	2.81	2.04	0.88
Decile 6: 20%-23%	-	-	1.70	-	-	1.60	1.49	2.42
Decile 7: 23%-28%	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.35	3.19
Decile 8: 28%-35%	0.79	-	0.63	-	-	0.86	3.33	0.96
Decile 9: 35%-46%	1.60	-	0.61	3.07	-	1.15	0.71	0.59
Decile 10: >46%	4.19	-	1.37	1.84	-	0.60	-	0.29

Housing tenure

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	-	2.21	1.74	-	3.91	3.00	1.15	0.43
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Owned	1.47	1.93	1.11	-	-	-	0.63	2.35
Private Rental	1.30	-	0.83	1.83	-	0.86	1.24	0.70

Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	0.81	1.51	1.27	-	0.84	0.98	1.02	1.50
TRUE	1.43	-	0.69	2.66	-	1.11	1.06	0.41

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	0.83	1.55	1.27	-	0.86	1.00	0.98	1.50
TRUE	1.36	-	0.71	2.55	-	1.07	1.11	0.45

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	1.31	1.05	1.25	0.76	1.04	0.72	0.69	1.13
TRUE	0.60	1.01	0.76	1.45	-	1.45	1.43	0.90
Missing data	1.36	-	1.30	-	-	1.09	1.44	0.87

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	1.20	0.95	1.10	0.78	0.84	0.85	0.90	1.06
TRUE	0.38	1.21	0.67	1.92	-	1.65	1.53	0.79

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	0.93	-	1.19	1.39	-	2.03	1.05	0.51
Secondary School	0.57	1.43	1.31	1.27	-	1.09	1.09	0.94
Cert/Diploma	0.90	0.84	0.85	1.14	-	0.86	1.21	1.27
Degree	3.13	-	0.94	-	-	-	0.85	1.38
Post Grad	1.99	1.95	1.12	-	-	-	0.81	1.33

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	0.96	0.85	1.02	1.81	1.54	1.29	0.97	0.45
Coupled parent	1.07	1.15	1.02	0.39	-	0.75	1.06	1.51

Is the house crowded?

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	-	-	1.30	-	-	3.29	1.63	1.53
Crowded	0.58	1.54	1.28	-	-	0.96	1.27	1.68
Not crowded	0.86	0.95	1.16	1.35	-	1.07	1.07	0.84
Extra room	1.80	0.94	0.81	1.13	-	0.84	0.83	0.78
Many extra rooms	2.72	-	0.70	-	-	-	1.18	1.51
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	0.60	1.03	1.62	1.68	2.85	2.28	0.46	0.38
1	1.11	1.27	1.09	0.99	-	0.70	1.24	0.73
2	1.51	-	0.35	-	-	-	1.59	2.93
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

Dep17

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dep17
0	4.24	0.76	0.68	0.60	-	-	-	-	-
1	2.83	1.08	-	1.21	-	-	-	-	-
2	2.00	1.65	-	1.49	-	-	-	-	-
3	1.03	2.23	-	3.57	-	-	-	-	-
4	1.04	3.15	-	2.44	-	-	-	-	-
5	0.89	2.88	-	3.56	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	12.83	-	11.14	17.41	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	10.65	52.60	-
8	-	-	-	-	15.16	-	-	42.55	-
9	-	-	-	-	41.70	-	-	15.47	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	-	36.19	15.47	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	3.91	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.75	1.04
$150 to $300	1.38	-	2.90	-	-	-	-	3.32	-
$100 to $150	1.14	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.16	-
$50 to $100	0.97	-	10.15	-	-	-	-	2.87	-
$0 to $50	0.64	-	16.15	-	-	-	-	3.52	-
-$50 to $0	-	12.14	-	5.48	13.35	-	4.99	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	10.71	-	7.63	9.27	-	6.46	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	13.18	-	3.54	14.60	-	6.29	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	8.52	-	9.50	5.35	-	10.65	-	-
less than -$300	-	6.38	-	16.11	-	-	7.04	-	3.10

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	3.03	0.31	-	-	-	-	-	0.86	0.98
$150 to $300	0.41	4.92	-	-	4.63	-	-	2.73	-
$100 to $150	0.26	6.44	-	-	7.72	-	-	2.87	-
$50 to $100	0.16	13.48	-	-	13.90	-	-	-	-
$0 to $50	0.15	14.97	-	-	13.03	-	-	-	-
-$50 to $0	-	-	35.53	17.81	-	-	9.05	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	-	25.38	11.87	-	-	21.11	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	-	-	20.35	-	-	36.19	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	-	-	40.70	-	-	18.10	-	-
less than -$300	-	-	-	57.66	-	-	12.77	-	-

Poverty

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Poverty
Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-
Material Hardship and AHC50	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-
Material Hardship and BHC50	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-
Material Hardship only	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
AHC50 and BHC50	-	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
BHC50 only	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
AHC50 only	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in poverty	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	0.51	-	-	15.26	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.12	2.01	2.18	3.83	5.62	9.96	6.81	1.51	0.97
Benefits with some work	0.12	3.56	-	3.75	9.02	-	4.52	2.38	-
Work with some benefits	0.40	2.80	-	1.40	-	-	1.84	2.98	1.62
Work	1.82	0.69	0.62	0.57	0.18	-	0.16	0.79	0.96

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	9.73	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.92
Decile 2: 3%-6%	3.63	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.65	1.34
Decile 3: 6%-10%	1.64	-	6.02	-	-	-	-	0.76	1.57
Decile 4: 10%-15%	1.31	-	2.48	1.47	-	-	-	1.32	1.11
Decile 5: 15%-20%	1.12	-	-	1.47	-	-	2.26	1.58	0.82
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.64	-	-	1.04	-	-	1.03	0.91	1.38
Decile 7: 23%-28%	3.36	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.08	0.88
Decile 8: 28%-35%	1.32	0.65	-	0.53	-	-	0.71	1.88	0.77
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.70	1.92	-	0.83	3.55	-	1.48	0.97	0.79
Decile 10: >46%	0.09	12.21	-	4.41	5.62	-	1.89	-	0.97

Housing tenure

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing tenure
Housing New Zealand	0.15	-	5.84	4.77	-	10.2	7.80	3.33	1.26
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Owned	2.47	0.63	0.89	0.52	-	-	-	0.32	0.95
Private Rental	0.58	1.84	-	1.24	2.55	-	1.26	1.78	1.06

Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	1.48	0.61	1.1	0.90	-	0.62	0.72	0.74	1.04
TRUE	0.32	2.85	-	1.46	5	-	2.23	2.21	0.87

Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is estimated to receive Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	1.48	0.62	1.12	0.89	-	0.64	0.74	0.72	1.03
TRUE	0.35	2.61	-	1.45	4.61	-	2.06	2.20	0.91

Someone in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Someone in the family has a disability
FALSE	1.30	1.01	0.85	0.98	0.63	0.86	0.60	0.60	0.91
TRUE	0.58	0.93	1.45	1.15	2.04	-	2.04	1.98	1.33
Missing data	1.32	1.03	-	1.01	-	-	0.87	1.07	0.71

A parent in the family has a disability

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent in the family has a disability
FALSE	1.13	1.05	0.86	0.98	0.72	0.77	0.78	0.83	0.96
TRUE	0.50	0.67	1.91	1.12	2.92	-	2.53	2.33	1.30

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	0.39	1.78	-	2.20	2.52	-	3.55	1.99	1.00
Secondary School	0.71	0.78	1.79	1.62	1.60	-	1.39	1.38	1.22
Cert/Diploma	0.95	0.95	0.87	0.90	1.17	-	0.90	1.22	1.28
Degree	2.21	1.16	-	0.49	-	-	-	0.45	0.69
Post Grad	2.36	0.82	0.94	0.54	-	-	-	0.41	0.63

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	0.36	1.90	1.61	1.98	3.32	2.86	2.42	1.93	0.90
Coupled parent	1.54	0.75	0.82	0.72	0.29	-	0.54	0.74	1.01

Is the house crowded?

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded?
Severely crowded	0.84	-	-	1.43	-	-	3.23	1.69	1.65
Crowded	0.49	1.01	2.43	2.04	-	-	1.56	2.02	2.59
Not crowded	0.74	1.10	1.18	1.42	1.65	-	1.33	1.32	1.07
Extra room	1.44	1.19	0.71	0.63	0.85	-	0.64	0.64	0.60
Many extra rooms	2.62	0.91	-	0.33	-	-	-	0.50	0.64
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	0.14	1.81	2.82	4.56	4.59	7.59	6.14	1.42	1.13
1	0.62	1.54	1.75	1.52	1.38	-	0.99	1.70	1.05
2	2.91	0.56	-	0.16	-	-	-	0.57	0.95
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Additional characteristics

Number of Children

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	-	35,000	-	34,000	12,000	-	19,000	-	7,000
2	52,000	31,000	12,000	20,000	14,000	6,000	11,000	15,000	3,000
3	99,000	-	4,000	-	-	0	-	24,000	5,000
4	140,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	15,000	7,000
5	135,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	9,000	7,000
6	107,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	4,000	6,000
7	95,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	6,000
8	77,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0
9	65,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
10	67,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	0	0	16,000	54,000	0	6,000	31,000	0	7,000
2	37,000	26,000	-	-	13,000	-	-	12,000	4,000
3	109,000	26,000	-	-	11,000	-	-	27,000	6,000
4	142,000	7,000	-	-	0	-	-	14,000	7,000
5	138,000	0	-	-	0	-	-	9,000	7,000
6	110,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	3,000	7,000
7	90,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	0	4,000
8	74,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	0	0
9	67,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
10	68,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	691,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	35,000	32,000
$150 to $300	80,000	-	4,000	-	-	0	-	18,000	0
$100 to $150	24,000	-	0	-	-	0	-	8,000	0
$50 to $100	23,000	-	4,000	-	-	0	-	5,000	0
$0 to $50	17,000	-	5,000	-	-	0	-	5,000	0
-$50 to $0	-	14,000	-	7,000	8,000	-	4,000	-	0
-$100 to -$50	-	13,000	-	9,000	6,000	-	5,000	-	0
-$150 to -$100	-	12,000	-	4,000	7,000	-	4,000	-	0
-$300 to -$150	-	15,000	-	14,000	5,000	-	10,000	-	0
less than -$300	-	12,000	-	19,000	0	-	7,000	-	5,000

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	758,000	16,000	-	-	0	-	-	45,000	34,000
$150 to $300	52,000	23,000	-	-	10,000	-	-	15,000	0
$100 to $150	13,000	9,000	-	-	5,000	-	-	5,000	0
$50 to $100	6,000	9,000	-	-	5,000	-	-	0	0
$0 to $50	6,000	10,000	-	-	5,000	-	-	0	0
-$50 to $0	-	-	5,000	7,000	-	0	3,000	-	0
-$100 to -$50	-	-	5,000	7,000	-	0	7,000	-	0
-$150 to -$100	-	-	0	7,000	-	0	7,000	-	0
-$300 to -$150	-	-	0	16,000	-	0	8,000	-	0
less than -$300	-	-	0	17,000	-	-	6,000	-	0

Disabled child

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child
FALSE	679,000	54,000	13,000	43,000	19,000	5,000	23,000	50,000	36,000
TRUE	73,000	6,000	0	6,000	5,000	0	7,000	12,000	6,000
Missing data	84,000	6,000	0	5,000	3,000	0	0	9,000	4,000

Disabled child in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	574,000	44,000	9,000	35,000	15,000	4,000	15,000	36,000	31,000
TRUE	119,000	11,000	5,000	10,000	8,000	0	11,000	21,000	10,000
Missing data	143,000	11,000	0	9,000	4,000	0	4,000	14,000	6,000

Disabled person in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	521,000	39,000	8,000	31,000	10,000	3,000	11,000	25,000	25,000
TRUE	182,000	16,000	6,000	16,000	14,000	0	16,000	34,000	16,000
Missing data	132,000	10,000	0	8,000	0	0	4,000	11,000	5,000

Disabled parent

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled parent
FALSE	748,000	60,000	12,000	46,000	17,000	4,000	21,000	51,000	39,000
TRUE	87,000	6,000	4,000	8,000	10,000	0	10,000	20,000	8,000

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	768,000	38,000	8,000	28,000	4,000	0	5,000	46,000	37,000
TRUE	68,000	28,000	8,000	27,000	23,000	6,000	25,000	25,000	9,000

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	606,000	10,000	13,000	25,000	0	3,000	16,000	28,000	30,000
TRUE	229,000	56,000	0	30,000	25,000	0	15,000	42,000	17,000

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	709,000	43,000	15,000	40,000	25,000	6,000	28,000	56,000	38,000
TRUE	127,000	23,000	0	14,000	0	-	0	14,000	9,000

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	457,000	4,000	0	0	0	-	0	7,000	17,000
TRUE	379,000	62,000	15,000	51,000	26,000	6,000	30,000	63,000	30,000

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Accommodation Supplement area
1	317,000	31,000	6,000	23,000	9,000	3,000	12,000	29,000	15,000
2	273,000	23,000	5,000	12,000	9,000	0	7,000	26,000	20,000
3	101,000	5,000	0	8,000	4,000	0	4,000	8,000	5,000
4	145,000	7,000	0	11,000	4,000	0	8,000	8,000	7,000

Is the house crowded

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	42,000	0	0	4,000	0	0	5,000	6,000	4,000
Crowded	68,000	7,000	4,000	11,000	0	0	5,000	14,000	12,000
Not crowded	243,000	23,000	6,000	24,000	14,000	0	13,000	29,000	16,000
Extra room	318,000	27,000	4,000	12,000	8,000	0	7,000	16,000	10,000
Many extra rooms	166,000	10,000	0	3,000	0	-	0	6,000	5,000
Unknown	-	-	-	-	0	-	-	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	481,000	23,000	5,000	15,000	-	-	-	-	-
1	157,000	11,000	0	10,000	-	-	-	-	-
2	74,000	8,000	0	6,000	-	-	-	-	-
3	49,000	8,000	0	10,000	-	-	-	-	-
4	41,000	9,000	0	6,000	-	-	-	-	-
5	33,000	7,000	0	7,000	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	8,000	0	8,000	18,000	-
7	-	-	-	-	0	0	5,000	17,000	-
8	-	-	-	-	4,000	0	0	11,000	-
9	-	-	-	-	6,000	0	0	6,000	-
10	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	6,000	-
11	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	5,000	-
12	-	-	-	-	0	-	4,000	4,000	-
13	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	-
14	-	-	-	-	0	-	0	0	-
15	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	47,000

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	77,000	-	0	0	-	0	0	0	3,000
Decile 2: 3%-6%	67,000	-	0	0	-	0	-	3,000	4,000
Decile 3: 6%-10%	52,000	-	5,000	0	-	0	0	3,000	4,000
Decile 4: 10%-15%	69,000	-	3,000	6,000	-	0	0	7,000	4,000
Decile 5: 15%-20%	89,000	-	0	8,000	-	0	7,000	11,000	4,000
Decile 6: 20%-23%	117,000	-	0	7,000	-	-	4,000	8,000	8,000
Decile 7: 23%-28%	124,000	0	-	0	-	-	0	9,000	5,000
Decile 8: 28%-35%	122,000	6,000	-	4,000	0	-	3,000	17,000	5,000
Decile 9: 35%-46%	99,000	16,000	-	6,000	12,000	-	6,000	9,000	5,000
Decile 10: >46%	19,000	43,000	-	18,000	12,000	-	5,000	0	4,000

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing cost (decile)
1	43,000	-	4,000	0	-	0	0	0	3,000
2	37,000	-	4,000	0	-	0	0	0	0
3	43,000	-	0	4,000	-	0	0	0	0
4	52,000	-	6,000	14,000	-	0	10,000	8,000	4,000
5	69,000	0	0	10,000	0	0	7,000	8,000	4,000
6	98,000	8,000	-	7,000	6,000	-	4,000	14,000	5,000
7	109,000	11,000	0	5,000	7,000	-	0	12,000	6,000
8	124,000	13,000	-	6,000	7,000	-	4,000	10,000	6,000
9	125,000	14,000	-	0	0	-	0	9,000	8,000
10	137,000	18,000	-	0	0	-	-	3,000	8,000

Region

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Region
Auckland	287,000	28,000	6,000	23,000	8,000	3,000	11,000	27,000	13,000
Bay of Plenty	66,000	4,000	0	3,000	0	0	0	5,000	3,000
Canterbury	105,000	8,000	0	6,000	4,000	0	0	6,000	7,000
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	40,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,000
Manawatu Whanganui	39,000	0	0	4,000	3,000	0	0	4,000	0
Northland	30,000	4,000	0	0	0	0	3,000	3,000	0
Otago	36,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southland	18,000	0	-	0	0	-	0	0	0
Taranaki	22,000	0	-	0	0	-	0	0	0
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	28,000	0	0	0	0	-	0	5,000	0
Waikato	83,000	6,000	0	5,000	4,000	0	4,000	6,000	5,000
Wellington	82,000	6,000	0	4,000	0	0	0	6,000	6,000

Tenure

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	22,000	0	6,000	15,000	0	4,000	14,000	14,000	4,000
Other	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
Owned	561,000	24,000	8,000	16,000	0	0	0	13,000	25,000
Private Rental	252,000	42,000	0	24,000	24,000	0	14,000	43,000	18,000

Tenure (detailed)

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure (detailed)
Housing New Zealand	22,000	0	6,000	15,000	0	4,000	14,000	14,000	4,000
Mortgage not defined	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	380,000	21,000	0	10,000	0	0	0	11,000	16,000
No mortgage payments	66,000	0	5,000	0	-	0	0	0	5,000
No rent payments	13,000	-	0	0	-	0	0	0	0
Rent payments	239,000	42,000	0	24,000	24,000	0	14,000	42,000	17,000
Trust, mortgage not defined	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	77,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trust, no mortgage payments	38,000	0	0	0	-	-	-	0	0
Not specifed	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0

Asian

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Asian
FALSE	703,000	50,000	12,000	39,000	24,000	6,000	28,000	65,000	36,000
TRUE	133,000	16,000	4,000	15,000	0	-	0	6,000	10,000

European

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
European
FALSE	236,000	29,000	10,000	28,000	9,000	4,000	19,000	32,000	23,000
TRUE	600,000	37,000	6,000	27,000	17,000	0	12,000	39,000	23,000

Maori

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Maori
FALSE	645,000	50,000	10,000	36,000	16,000	4,000	16,000	40,000	30,000
TRUE	191,000	16,000	5,000	18,000	10,000	0	15,000	31,000	16,000

Pacific

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Pacific
FALSE	750,000	57,000	13,000	46,000	24,000	0	20,000	48,000	39,000
TRUE	86,000	9,000	0	8,000	0	4,000	10,000	23,000	7,000

Family type

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	132,000	28,000	6,000	24,000	20,000	4,000	17,000	30,000	10,000
Coupled parent	704,000	38,000	10,000	30,000	6,000	0	13,000	40,000	36,000

Number of children in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of children in the family
1	235,000	16,000	0	13,000	5,000	0	6,000	18,000	14,000
2	361,000	30,000	6,000	20,000	10,000	0	8,000	23,000	19,000
3+	240,000	20,000	7,000	21,000	11,000	4,000	17,000	30,000	14,000

Age of child

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Age of child
<3	127,000	10,000	0	9,000	4,000	0	0	12,000	6,000
3 to 4	97,000	8,000	0	5,000	3,000	0	3,000	9,000	5,000
5 to 11	330,000	29,000	7,000	20,000	13,000	3,000	12,000	28,000	18,000
12+	282,000	19,000	6,000	21,000	7,000	0	12,000	22,000	18,000

Youngest child in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Youngest child in the family
<3	215,000	20,000	4,000	18,000	8,000	0	8,000	23,000	12,000
3 to 4	117,000	10,000	0	6,000	5,000	0	4,000	12,000	5,000
5 to 11	319,000	24,000	6,000	19,000	11,000	0	12,000	25,000	17,000
12+	185,000	12,000	3,000	12,000	0	0	7,000	11,000	13,000

Oldest person in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Oldest person in the family
<18	29,000	0	0	0	0	-	0	0	0
18-30	73,000	11,000	0	7,000	7,000	0	6,000	14,000	4,000
31-40	283,000	30,000	4,000	21,000	13,000	0	11,000	29,000	13,000
41-50	322,000	17,000	5,000	17,000	4,000	0	8,000	17,000	18,000
51-64	121,000	7,000	4,000	6,000	0	0	4,000	9,000	7,000
65+	9,000	0	0	0	0	-	0	0	0

Number of people in the household

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Number of families in the household

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of families in the household
1	577,000	57,000	8,000	37,000	25,000	3,000	25,000	41,000	16,000
2	167,000	8,000	6,000	10,000	0	0	0	17,000	15,000
3	67,000	0	0	6,000	0	0	0	10,000	9,000
4	19,000	0	0	0	-	-	0	0	5,000
5	6,000	-	-	0	-	-	-	0	0

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	0
None	62,000	12,000	0	12,000	7,000	0	11,000	14,000	5,000
Secondary School	159,000	11,000	6,000	18,000	9,000	0	9,000	20,000	12,000
Cert/Diploma	235,000	18,000	4,000	14,000	9,000	0	8,000	24,000	17,000
Degree	181,000	14,000	0	5,000	0	0	0	6,000	6,000
Post Grad	199,000	11,000	3,000	6,000	0	-	0	6,000	6,000

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	12,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000
TRUE	780,000	49,000	10,000	30,000	12,000	0	8,000	53,000	33,000
Missing data	44,000	16,000	5,000	22,000	14,000	6,000	20,000	15,000	10,000

Number of earners in the family

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	35,000	13,000	5,000	24,000	13,000	5,000	19,000	11,000	6,000
1	232,000	32,000	9,000	26,000	12,000	0	10,000	37,000	16,000
2	568,000	21,000	0	5,000	0	0	0	23,000	25,000
3	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	20,000	8,000	0	15,000	9,000	3,000	13,000	8,000	3,000
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	17,000	5,000	0	10,000	8,000	0	6,000	5,000	0
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	30,000	8,000	3,000	11,000	5,000	0	7,000	5,000	0
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	30,000	9,000	3,000	12,000	0	0	0	8,000	5,000
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	37,000	10,000	3,000	4,000	0	-	0	7,000	5,000
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	61,000	9,000	0	0	0	0	0	14,000	4,000
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	110,000	10,000	-	-	0	-	-	10,000	4,000
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	143,000	3,000	-	-	0	-	-	8,000	8,000
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	181,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	6,000	6,000
Decile 10: >$162,000	205,000	0	-	-	-	-	-	0	7,000

Family’s main income source

Value	Number of children
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	4,000	0	0	3,000	0	-	0	0	0
Benefits	25,000	11,000	3,000	16,000	12,000	5,000	16,000	9,000	4,000
Benefits with some work	11,000	8,000	0	7,000	8,000	0	5,000	6,000	0
Work with some benefits	32,000	9,000	0	4,000	0	0	3,000	10,000	4,000
Work	764,000	37,000	8,000	25,000	4,000	0	4,000	45,000	36,000

Item Probability

Item probability: what proportion of children in this group have this characteristic

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	-	53%	-	63%	44%	-	61%	-	15%
2	6%	47%	75%	37%	52%	100%	35%	21%	6%
3	12%	-	25%	-	-	-	-	34%	11%
4	17%	-	-	-	-	-	-	21%	15%
5	16%	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	15%
6	13%	-	-	-	-	-	-	6%	13%
7	11%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%
8	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	-	100%	100%	-	100%	100%	-	15%
2	4%	39%	-	-	48%	-	-	17%	9%
3	13%	39%	-	-	41%	-	-	39%	13%
4	17%	11%	-	-	-	-	-	20%	15%
5	17%	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	15%
6	13%	-	-	-	-	-	-	4%	15%
7	11%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9%
8	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	83%	-	-	-	-	-	-	50%	68%
$150 to $300	10%	-	25%	-	-	-	-	26%	-
$100 to $150	3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%	-
$50 to $100	3%	-	25%	-	-	-	-	7%	-
$0 to $50	2%	-	31%	-	-	-	-	7%	-
-$50 to $0	-	21%	-	13%	30%	-	13%	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	20%	-	17%	22%	-	16%	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	18%	-	7%	26%	-	13%	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	23%	-	26%	19%	-	32%	-	-
less than -$300	-	18%	-	35%	-	-	23%	-	11%

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	91%	24%	-	-	-	-	-	64%	72%
$150 to $300	6%	35%	-	-	37%	-	-	21%	-
$100 to $150	2%	14%	-	-	19%	-	-	7%	-
$50 to $100	1%	14%	-	-	19%	-	-	-	-
$0 to $50	1%	15%	-	-	19%	-	-	-	-
-$50 to $0	-	-	31%	13%	-	-	10%	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	-	31%	13%	-	-	23%	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	-	-	13%	-	-	23%	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	-	-	30%	-	-	26%	-	-
less than -$300	-	-	-	31%	-	-	19%	-	-

Disabled child

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child
FALSE	81%	82%	81%	80%	70%	83%	74%	71%	77%
TRUE	9%	9%	-	11%	19%	-	23%	17%	13%
Missing data	10%	9%	-	9%	11%	-	-	13%	9%

Disabled child in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	69%	67%	56%	65%	56%	67%	48%	51%	66%
TRUE	14%	17%	31%	19%	30%	-	35%	30%	21%
Missing data	17%	17%	-	17%	15%	-	13%	20%	13%

Disabled person in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	62%	59%	50%	57%	37%	50%	35%	36%	53%
TRUE	22%	24%	38%	30%	52%	-	52%	49%	34%
Missing data	16%	15%	-	15%	-	-	13%	16%	11%

Disabled parent

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled parent
FALSE	89%	91%	75%	85%	63%	67%	68%	73%	83%
TRUE	10%	9%	25%	15%	37%	-	32%	29%	17%

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	92%	58%	50%	52%	15%	-	16%	66%	79%
TRUE	8%	42%	50%	50%	85%	100%	81%	36%	19%

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	72%	15%	81%	46%	-	50%	52%	40%	64%
TRUE	27%	85%	-	56%	93%	-	48%	60%	36%

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	85%	65%	94%	74%	93%	100%	90%	80%	81%
TRUE	15%	35%	-	26%	-	-	-	20%	19%

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	55%	6%	-	-	-	-	-	10%	36%
TRUE	45%	94%	94%	94%	96%	100%	97%	90%	64%

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Accommodation Supplement area
1	38%	47%	38%	43%	33%	50%	39%	41%	32%
2	33%	35%	31%	22%	33%	-	23%	37%	43%
3	12%	8%	-	15%	15%	-	13%	11%	11%
4	17%	11%	-	20%	15%	-	26%	11%	15%

Is the house crowded

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	5%	-	-	7%	-	-	16%	9%	9%
Crowded	8%	11%	25%	20%	-	-	16%	20%	26%
Not crowded	29%	35%	38%	44%	52%	-	42%	41%	34%
Extra room	38%	41%	25%	22%	30%	-	23%	23%	21%
Many extra rooms	20%	15%	-	6%	-	-	-	9%	11%
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	58%	35%	31%	28%	-	-	-	-	-
1	19%	17%	-	19%	-	-	-	-	-
2	9%	12%	-	11%	-	-	-	-	-
3	6%	12%	-	19%	-	-	-	-	-
4	5%	14%	-	11%	-	-	-	-	-
5	4%	11%	-	13%	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	30%	-	26%	26%	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	16%	24%	-
8	-	-	-	-	15%	-	-	16%	-
9	-	-	-	-	22%	-	-	9%	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9%	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7%	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	6%	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	100%

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6%
Decile 2: 3%-6%	8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	4%	9%
Decile 3: 6%-10%	6%	-	31%	-	-	-	-	4%	9%
Decile 4: 10%-15%	8%	-	19%	11%	-	-	-	10%	9%
Decile 5: 15%-20%	11%	-	-	15%	-	-	23%	16%	9%
Decile 6: 20%-23%	14%	-	-	13%	-	-	13%	11%	17%
Decile 7: 23%-28%	15%	-	-	-	-	-	-	13%	11%
Decile 8: 28%-35%	15%	9%	-	7%	-	-	10%	24%	11%
Decile 9: 35%-46%	12%	24%	-	11%	44%	-	19%	13%	11%
Decile 10: >46%	2%	65%	-	33%	44%	-	16%	-	9%

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing cost (decile)
1	5%	-	25%	-	-	-	-	-	6%
2	4%	-	25%	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	5%	-	-	7%	-	-	-	-	-
4	6%	-	38%	26%	-	-	32%	11%	9%
5	8%	-	-	19%	-	-	23%	11%	9%
6	12%	12%	-	13%	22%	-	13%	20%	11%
7	13%	17%	-	9%	26%	-	-	17%	13%
8	15%	20%	-	11%	26%	-	13%	14%	13%
9	15%	21%	-	-	-	-	-	13%	17%
10	16%	27%	-	-	-	-	-	4%	17%

Region

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Region
Auckland	34%	42%	38%	43%	30%	50%	35%	39%	28%
Bay of Plenty	8%	6%	-	6%	-	-	-	7%	6%
Canterbury	13%	12%	-	11%	15%	-	-	9%	15%
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%
Manawatu Whanganui	5%	-	-	7%	11%	-	-	6%	-
Northland	4%	6%	-	-	-	-	10%	4%	-
Otago	4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Southland	2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Taranaki	3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	7%	-
Waikato	10%	9%	-	9%	15%	-	13%	9%	11%
Wellington	10%	9%	-	7%	-	-	-	9%	13%

Tenure

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	3%	-	38%	28%	-	67%	45%	20%	9%
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Owned	67%	36%	50%	30%	-	-	-	19%	53%
Private Rental	30%	64%	-	44%	89%	-	45%	61%	38%

Tenure (detailed)

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure (detailed)
Housing New Zealand	3%	-	38%	28%	-	67%	45%	20%	9%
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	45%	32%	-	19%	-	-	-	16%	34%
No mortgage payments	8%	-	31%	-	-	-	-	-	11%
No rent payments	2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	29%	64%	-	44%	89%	-	45%	60%	36%
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Asian

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Asian
FALSE	84%	76%	75%	72%	89%	100%	90%	93%	77%
TRUE	16%	24%	25%	28%	-	-	-	9%	21%

European

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
European
FALSE	28%	44%	62%	52%	33%	67%	61%	46%	49%
TRUE	72%	56%	38%	50%	63%	-	39%	56%	49%

Maori

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Maori
FALSE	77%	76%	62%	67%	59%	67%	52%	57%	64%
TRUE	23%	24%	31%	33%	37%	-	48%	44%	34%

Pacific

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Pacific
FALSE	90%	86%	81%	85%	89%	-	65%	69%	83%
TRUE	10%	14%	-	15%	-	67%	32%	33%	15%

Family type

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	16%	42%	38%	44%	74%	67%	55%	43%	21%
Coupled parent	84%	58%	62%	56%	22%	-	42%	57%	77%

Number of children in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of children in the family
1	28%	24%	-	24%	19%	-	19%	26%	30%
2	43%	45%	38%	37%	37%	-	26%	33%	40%
3+	29%	30%	44%	39%	41%	67%	55%	43%	30%

Age of child

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Age of child
<3	15%	15%	-	17%	15%	-	-	17%	13%
3 to 4	12%	12%	-	9%	11%	-	10%	13%	11%
5 to 11	39%	44%	44%	37%	48%	50%	39%	40%	38%
12+	34%	29%	38%	39%	26%	-	39%	31%	38%

Youngest child in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Youngest child in the family
<3	26%	30%	25%	33%	30%	-	26%	33%	26%
3 to 4	14%	15%	-	11%	19%	-	13%	17%	11%
5 to 11	38%	36%	38%	35%	41%	-	39%	36%	36%
12+	22%	18%	19%	22%	-	-	23%	16%	28%

Oldest person in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Oldest person in the family
<18	3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18-30	9%	17%	-	13%	26%	-	19%	20%	9%
31-40	34%	45%	25%	39%	48%	-	35%	41%	28%
41-50	39%	26%	31%	31%	15%	-	26%	24%	38%
51-64	14%	11%	25%	11%	-	-	13%	13%	15%
65+	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Number of families in the household

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of families in the household
1	69%	86%	50%	69%	93%	50%	81%	59%	34%
2	20%	12%	38%	19%	-	-	-	24%	32%
3	8%	-	-	11%	-	-	-	14%	19%
4	2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	11%
5	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	7%	18%	-	22%	26%	-	35%	20%	11%
Secondary School	19%	17%	38%	33%	33%	-	29%	29%	26%
Cert/Diploma	28%	27%	25%	26%	33%	-	26%	34%	36%
Degree	22%	21%	-	9%	-	-	-	9%	13%
Post Grad	24%	17%	19%	11%	-	-	-	9%	13%

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6%
TRUE	93%	74%	62%	56%	44%	-	26%	76%	70%
Missing data	5%	24%	31%	41%	52%	100%	65%	21%	21%

Number of earners in the family

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	4%	20%	31%	44%	48%	83%	61%	16%	13%
1	28%	48%	56%	48%	44%	-	32%	53%	34%
2	68%	32%	-	9%	-	-	-	33%	53%
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	2%	12%	-	28%	33%	50%	42%	11%	6%
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	2%	8%	-	19%	30%	-	19%	7%	-
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	4%	12%	19%	20%	19%	-	23%	7%	-
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	4%	14%	19%	22%	-	-	-	11%	11%
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	4%	15%	19%	7%	-	-	-	10%	11%
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	7%	14%	-	-	-	-	-	20%	9%
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	13%	15%	-	-	-	-	-	14%	9%
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	17%	5%	-	-	-	-	-	11%	17%
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	22%	-	-	-	-	-	-	9%	13%
Decile 10: >$162,000	25%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	15%

Family’s main income source

Value	Item probability
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	0%	-	-	6%	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	3%	17%	19%	30%	44%	83%	52%	13%	9%
Benefits with some work	1%	12%	-	13%	30%	-	16%	9%	-
Work with some benefits	4%	14%	-	7%	-	-	10%	14%	9%
Work	91%	56%	50%	46%	15%	-	13%	64%	77%

Relative Risk (compared to other groups)

Relative risk (near poverty): compared to the rest of the population of interest, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	1.85	-	2.27	1.36	-	1.99	-	0.40
2	1.46	2.26	1.06	1.53	2.93	1.00	0.55	0.16
3	-	2.59	-	-	-	-	9.41	1.03
4	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.56	2.68
5	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.54	4.47
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.35	8.62
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	3.07	4.38	-	2.88	3.45	-	0.38
2	3.41	-	-	3.32	-	-	0.98	0.45
3	2.25	-	-	2.00	-	-	2.22	0.54
4	1.27	-	-	-	-	-	3.53	1.91
5	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.54	4.47
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.51	13.40
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.86	5.25
$150 to $300	-	4.18	-	-	-	-	15.88	-
$100 to $150	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
$50 to $100	-	15.05	-	-	-	-	4.41	-
$0 to $50	-	18.81	-	-	-	-	3.53	-
-$50 to $0	2.80	-	1.31	3.44	-	1.27	-	-
-$100 to -$50	2.47	-	1.83	2.39	-	1.65	-	-
-$150 to -$100	3.04	-	0.85	3.76	-	1.60	-	-
-$300 to -$150	1.97	-	2.27	1.38	-	2.71	-	-
less than -$300	1.47	-	3.86	-	-	1.79	-	0.76

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	0.77	-	-	-	-	-	3.18	3.2
$150 to $300	3.50	-	-	2.83	-	-	1.60	-
$100 to $150	3.42	-	-	3.84	-	-	1.26	-
$50 to $100	6.85	-	-	5.97	-	-	-	-
$0 to $50	7.61	-	-	5.37	-	-	-	-
-$50 to $0	-	9.41	4.26	-	-	2.31	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	6.72	2.84	-	-	5.38	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	-	4.87	-	-	9.23	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	-	9.74	-	-	4.61	-	-
less than -$300	-	-	13.80	-	-	3.26	-	-

Disabled child

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child
FALSE	1.09	1.06	1.05	0.91	1.09	0.96	0.91	1.00
TRUE	0.63	-	0.81	1.45	-	1.85	1.41	0.96
Missing data	1.09	-	1.11	1.34	-	-	1.76	1.00

Disabled child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	1.15	0.94	1.11	0.93	1.12	0.80	0.83	1.13
TRUE	0.64	1.32	0.74	1.26	-	1.56	1.35	0.87
Missing data	1.13	-	1.12	0.98	-	0.84	1.45	0.82

Disabled person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	1.31	1.05	1.25	0.76	1.04	0.72	0.69	1.13
TRUE	0.60	1.01	0.76	1.45	-	1.45	1.43	0.90
Missing data	1.36	-	1.30	-	-	1.09	1.44	0.87

Disabled parent

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled parent
FALSE	1.20	0.95	1.10	0.78	0.84	0.85	0.90	1.06
TRUE	0.38	1.21	0.67	1.92	-	1.65	1.53	0.79

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	1.13	0.95	0.99	0.27	-	0.29	1.35	1.65
TRUE	0.87	1.05	1.06	1.93	2.14	1.83	0.70	0.36

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	0.33	2.18	1.22	-	1.27	1.35	1.02	1.81
TRUE	1.65	-	0.94	1.68	-	0.81	1.04	0.58

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	0.79	1.2	0.92	1.19	1.27	1.16	1.01	1.02
TRUE	2.36	-	1.48	-	-	-	1.07	1.01

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	0.63	-	-	-	-	-	1.18	8.88
TRUE	1.07	1.05	1.07	1.09	1.12	1.09	1.01	0.68

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Accommodation Supplement area
1	1.22	0.93	1.07	0.81	1.24	0.95	1.03	0.76
2	1.11	0.97	0.65	1.04	-	0.68	1.21	1.40
3	0.66	-	1.50	1.43	-	1.23	1.09	0.99
4	0.70	-	1.58	1.05	-	1.99	0.76	1.06

Is the house crowded

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	-	-	1.30	-	-	3.29	1.63	1.53
Crowded	0.58	1.54	1.28	-	-	0.96	1.27	1.68
Not crowded	0.86	0.95	1.16	1.35	-	1.07	1.07	0.84
Extra room	1.80	0.94	0.81	1.13	-	0.84	0.83	0.78
Many extra rooms	2.72	-	0.70	-	-	-	1.18	1.51
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	4.37	2.48	2.61	-	-	-	-	-
1	4.18	-	4.43	-	-	-	-	-
2	5.07	-	3.65	-	-	-	-	-
3	3.04	-	6.09	-	-	-	-	-
4	5.70	-	3.25	-	-	-	-	-
5	3.80	-	4.87	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	3.30	-	2.84	3.97	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	2.71	12.00	-
8	-	-	-	3.91	-	-	9.70	-
9	-	-	-	10.74	-	-	3.53	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	9.23	3.53	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Decile 2: 3%-6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.65	7.66
Decile 3: 6%-10%	-	13.44	-	-	-	-	1.18	2.87
Decile 4: 10%-15%	-	3.32	2.09	-	-	-	1.90	1.44
Decile 5: 15%-20%	-	-	1.77	-	-	2.81	2.04	0.88
Decile 6: 20%-23%	-	-	1.70	-	-	1.60	1.49	2.42
Decile 7: 23%-28%	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.35	3.19
Decile 8: 28%-35%	0.79	-	0.63	-	-	0.86	3.33	0.96
Decile 9: 35%-46%	1.60	-	0.61	3.07	-	1.15	0.71	0.59
Decile 10: >46%	4.19	-	1.37	1.84	-	0.60	-	0.29

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing cost (decile)
1	-	25.08	-	-	-	-	-	4.31
2	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
4	-	3.14	2.44	-	-	2.88	0.83	0.60
5	-	-	2.56	-	-	2.94	1.34	0.92
6	0.85	-	0.92	1.70	-	0.92	1.65	0.74
7	1.39	-	0.68	2.21	-	-	1.46	0.98
8	1.50	-	0.73	1.93	-	0.88	0.98	0.86
9	3.13	-	-	-	-	-	1.44	2.00
10	6.22	-	-	-	-	-	0.41	2.19

Region

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Region
Auckland	1.17	1	1.17	0.77	1.34	0.94	1.04	0.70
Bay of Plenty	1.38	-	1.22	-	-	-	1.76	1.44
Canterbury	1.32	-	1.17	1.59	-	-	0.85	1.68
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
Manawatu Whanganui	-	-	2.78	4.03	-	-	2.02	-
Northland	2.54	-	-	-	-	3.95	1.51	-
Otago	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Southland	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Taranaki	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
Waikato	0.95	-	0.97	1.65	-	1.42	0.88	1.15
Wellington	1.43	-	1.08	-	-	-	1.32	2.15

Tenure

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	-	2.21	1.74	-	3.91	3.00	1.15	0.43
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Owned	1.47	1.93	1.11	-	-	-	0.63	2.35
Private Rental	1.30	-	0.83	1.83	-	0.86	1.24	0.70

Tenure (detailed)

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure (detailed)
Housing New Zealand	-	2.21	1.74	-	3.91	3.00	1.15	0.43
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	2.16	-	1.01	-	-	-	0.83	2.19
No mortgage payments	-	18.81	-	-	-	-	-	5.74
No rent payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	1.32	-	0.84	1.85	-	0.87	1.22	0.67
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Asian

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Asian
FALSE	0.91	0.91	0.86	1.09	1.22	1.11	1.18	0.92
TRUE	1.74	1.60	2.03	-	-	-	0.47	1.40

European

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
European
FALSE	0.88	1.31	1.08	0.67	1.38	1.30	0.93	1.01
TRUE	1.13	0.73	0.98	1.27	-	0.74	1.13	0.96

Maori

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Maori
FALSE	1.25	0.98	1.06	0.92	1.05	0.79	0.87	1.00
TRUE	0.64	0.89	0.94	1.06	-	1.44	1.37	0.97

Pacific

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Pacific
FALSE	1.14	1.05	1.11	1.16	-	0.81	0.85	1.08
TRUE	0.66	-	0.74	-	3.64	1.81	2.14	0.74

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	0.96	0.85	1.02	1.81	1.54	1.29	0.97	0.45
Coupled parent	1.07	1.15	1.02	0.39	-	0.75	1.06	1.51

Number of children in the family

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of children in the family
1	1.09	-	1.07	0.80	-	0.84	1.18	1.39
2	1.33	1.03	1.01	1.01	-	0.68	0.87	1.13
3+	0.73	1.13	0.99	1.05	1.73	1.47	1.13	0.73

Age of child

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Age of child
<3	1.23	-	1.37	1.16	-	-	1.46	0.98
3 to 4	1.22	-	0.87	1.07	-	0.92	1.32	1.03
5 to 11	1.09	1.07	0.89	1.19	1.22	0.94	0.97	0.92
12+	0.84	1.14	1.22	0.77	-	1.19	0.94	1.19

Youngest child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Youngest child in the family
<3	1.04	0.85	1.17	1.01	-	0.87	1.16	0.85
3 to 4	1.19	-	0.81	1.45	-	0.97	1.41	0.78
5 to 11	1.01	1.05	0.97	1.15	-	1.09	0.99	1.01
12+	0.99	1.03	1.27	-	-	1.27	0.83	1.66

Oldest person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Oldest person in the family
<18	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18-30	1.10	-	0.81	1.79	-	1.29	1.41	0.51
31-40	1.25	0.64	1.02	1.29	-	0.92	1.11	0.69
41-50	0.94	1.16	1.20	0.52	-	0.95	0.87	1.52
51-64	0.89	2.28	0.94	-	-	1.12	1.13	1.34
65+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Number of families in the household

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of families in the household
1	1.40	0.74	1.03	1.44	0.74	1.23	0.85	0.47
2	0.63	2.26	1.06	-	-	-	1.54	2.10
3	-	-	1.54	-	-	-	2.35	3.23
4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	0.93	-	1.19	1.39	-	2.03	1.05	0.51
Secondary School	0.57	1.43	1.31	1.27	-	1.09	1.09	0.94
Cert/Diploma	0.90	0.84	0.85	1.14	-	0.86	1.21	1.27
Degree	3.13	-	0.94	-	-	-	0.85	1.38
Post Grad	1.99	1.95	1.12	-	-	-	0.81	1.33

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf
TRUE	1.28	1.02	0.89	0.7	-	0.39	1.32	1.17
Missing data	0.66	0.91	1.25	1.6	3.05	2.10	0.57	0.59

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	0.60	1.03	1.62	1.68	2.85	2.28	0.46	0.38
1	1.11	1.27	1.09	0.99	-	0.70	1.24	0.73
2	1.51	-	0.35	-	-	-	1.59	2.93
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	0.60	-	1.66	1.93	2.78	2.61	0.55	0.31
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	0.66	-	2.03	3.30	-	1.98	0.61	-
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	0.98	1.57	1.91	1.58	-	2.02	0.52	-
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	1.22	1.66	2.34	-	-	-	0.97	0.90
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	2.00	2.17	0.78	-	-	-	1.12	1.20
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	1.90	-	-	-	-	-	3.80	1.00
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	2.72	-	-	-	-	-	2.52	1.15
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	0.71	-	-	-	-	-	2.57	4.18
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.53	5.74
Decile 10: >$162,000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	-	-	Inf	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.64	0.77	1.30	2.01	3.65	2.46	0.47	0.32
Benefits with some work	1.17	-	1.26	3.30	-	1.59	0.76	-
Work with some benefits	1.63	-	0.75	-	-	1.03	1.76	0.88
Work	1.15	1.00	0.91	0.28	-	0.24	1.39	1.68

Relative Risk (compared to population)

Relative risk (all): compared to the rest of the population, how prevalent is this characteristic. 1=No difference, <1=Less likely for this group, >1=more likely for this group

AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
AHC (equivalised household income, after housing costs) decile
1	-	8.01	-	9.48	5.27	-	7.81	-	1.65
2	0.18	3.84	5.61	2.83	3.89	7.26	2.60	1.56	0.44
3	1.14	-	2.22	-	-	-	-	3.44	0.93
4	2.41	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.58	1.06
5	3.20	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.98	1.14
6	4.06	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.55	1.27
7	6.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.49
8	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
BHC (equivalised household income, before housing costs) decile
1	-	-	11.6	18.32	-	10.62	13.52	-	1.54
2	0.26	6.49	-	-	6.86	-	-	2.32	1.07
3	0.59	2.80	-	-	2.73	-	-	2.75	0.82
4	1.92	0.71	-	-	-	-	-	1.39	1.01
5	3.27	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.96	1.12
6	4.17	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.40	1.46
7	8.53	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.05
8	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from fixed AHC50 threshold
greater than $300	3.91	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.75	1.04
$150 to $300	1.38	-	2.90	-	-	-	-	3.32	-
$100 to $150	1.14	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.16	-
$50 to $100	0.97	-	10.15	-	-	-	-	2.87	-
$0 to $50	0.64	-	16.15	-	-	-	-	3.52	-
-$50 to $0	-	12.14	-	5.48	13.35	-	4.99	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	10.71	-	7.63	9.27	-	6.46	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	13.18	-	3.54	14.60	-	6.29	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	8.52	-	9.50	5.35	-	10.65	-	-
less than -$300	-	6.38	-	16.11	-	-	7.04	-	3.10

Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Dollars from relative BHC50 threshold
greater than $300	3.03	0.31	-	-	-	-	-	0.86	0.98
$150 to $300	0.41	4.92	-	-	4.63	-	-	2.73	-
$100 to $150	0.26	6.44	-	-	7.72	-	-	2.87	-
$50 to $100	0.16	13.48	-	-	13.90	-	-	-	-
$0 to $50	0.15	14.97	-	-	13.03	-	-	-	-
-$50 to $0	-	-	35.53	17.81	-	-	9.05	-	-
-$100 to -$50	-	-	25.38	11.87	-	-	21.11	-	-
-$150 to -$100	-	-	-	20.35	-	-	36.19	-	-
-$300 to -$150	-	-	-	40.70	-	-	18.10	-	-
less than -$300	-	-	-	57.66	-	-	12.77	-	-

Disabled child

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child
FALSE	1.06	1.02	1.02	1.00	0.88	1.04	0.93	0.89	0.96
TRUE	0.66	0.91	-	1.12	1.90	-	2.35	1.80	1.30
Missing data	1.18	0.94	-	0.96	1.16	-	-	1.37	0.88

Disabled child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled child in the family
FALSE	1.15	1.01	0.85	0.98	0.84	1.01	0.73	0.77	1.00
TRUE	0.59	0.98	1.87	1.10	1.78	-	2.16	1.87	1.27
Missing data	1.13	1.01	-	1.01	0.89	-	0.77	1.22	0.76

Disabled person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled person in the family
FALSE	1.30	1.01	0.85	0.98	0.63	0.86	0.60	0.60	0.91
TRUE	0.58	0.93	1.45	1.15	2.04	-	2.04	1.98	1.33
Missing data	1.32	1.03	-	1.01	-	-	0.87	1.07	0.71

Disabled parent

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Disabled parent
FALSE	1.13	1.05	0.86	0.98	0.72	0.77	0.78	0.83	0.96
TRUE	0.50	0.67	1.91	1.12	2.92	-	2.53	2.33	1.30

Family received a core benefit at some time over the year

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family received a core benefit at some time over the year
FALSE	1.75	0.70	0.61	0.63	0.18	-	0.19	0.80	0.97
TRUE	0.17	2.41	2.69	2.86	4.89	5.38	4.66	1.99	1.01

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement
FALSE	1.84	0.23	1.29	0.72	-	0.79	0.81	0.62	1.01
TRUE	0.47	2.58	-	1.59	2.68	-	1.36	1.75	1.01

Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Accommodation Supplement but is not receiving it
FALSE	1.07	0.77	1.13	0.88	1.12	1.2	1.09	0.96	0.97
TRUE	0.80	2.31	-	1.65	-	-	-	1.25	1.19

Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family is modelled to be eligible for Working for Families
FALSE	6.19	0.14	-	-	-	-	-	0.23	0.85
TRUE	0.51	1.70	1.65	1.7	1.7	1.75	1.72	1.63	1.12

Accommodation Supplement area

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Accommodation Supplement area
1	0.94	1.23	0.97	1.11	0.86	1.3	1.00	1.08	0.82
2	1.01	1.08	0.96	0.67	1.03	-	0.69	1.15	1.33
3	1.13	0.63	-	1.28	1.27	-	1.11	0.97	0.91
4	1.22	0.63	-	1.25	0.90	-	1.59	0.68	0.90

Is the house crowded

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Is the house crowded
Severely crowded	0.84	-	-	1.43	-	-	3.23	1.69	1.65
Crowded	0.49	1.01	2.43	2.04	-	-	1.56	2.02	2.59
Not crowded	0.74	1.10	1.18	1.42	1.65	-	1.33	1.32	1.07
Extra room	1.44	1.19	0.71	0.63	0.85	-	0.64	0.64	0.60
Many extra rooms	2.62	0.91	-	0.33	-	-	-	0.50	0.64
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Deprivation Index (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Deprivation Index (decile)
0	4.24	0.76	0.68	0.60	-	-	-	-	-
1	2.83	1.08	-	1.21	-	-	-	-	-
2	2.00	1.65	-	1.49	-	-	-	-	-
3	1.03	2.23	-	3.57	-	-	-	-	-
4	1.04	3.15	-	2.44	-	-	-	-	-
5	0.89	2.88	-	3.56	-	-	-	-	-
6	-	-	-	-	12.83	-	11.14	17.41	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	10.65	52.60	-
8	-	-	-	-	15.16	-	-	42.55	-
9	-	-	-	-	41.70	-	-	15.47	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf	-
12	-	-	-	-	-	-	36.19	15.47	-
13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Inf

Housing costs as a proportion of household income

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing costs as a proportion of household income
Decile 1: 0%	9.73	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.92
Decile 2: 3%-6%	3.63	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.65	1.34
Decile 3: 6%-10%	1.64	-	6.02	-	-	-	-	0.76	1.57
Decile 4: 10%-15%	1.31	-	2.48	1.47	-	-	-	1.32	1.11
Decile 5: 15%-20%	1.12	-	-	1.47	-	-	2.26	1.58	0.82
Decile 6: 20%-23%	1.64	-	-	1.04	-	-	1.03	0.91	1.38
Decile 7: 23%-28%	3.36	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.08	0.88
Decile 8: 28%-35%	1.32	0.65	-	0.53	-	-	0.71	1.88	0.77
Decile 9: 35%-46%	0.70	1.92	-	0.83	3.55	-	1.48	0.97	0.79
Decile 10: >46%	0.09	12.21	-	4.41	5.62	-	1.89	-	0.97

Housing cost (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Housing cost (decile)
1	2.33	-	6.18	-	-	-	-	-	1.50
2	3.51	-	7.68	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	4.08	-	-	1.89	-	-	-	-	-
4	0.47	-	4.85	3.56	-	-	4.31	1.44	1.05
5	0.90	-	-	2.31	-	-	2.78	1.38	1.00
6	0.84	0.98	-	1.06	1.84	-	1.05	1.69	0.86
7	1.01	1.30	-	0.70	2.04	-	-	1.35	0.98
8	1.02	1.36	-	0.74	1.79	-	0.87	0.97	0.86
9	1.53	1.62	-	-	-	-	-	0.95	1.27
10	1.79	2.00	-	-	-	-	-	0.28	1.19

Region

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Region
Auckland	0.91	1.22	1.07	1.22	0.84	1.42	1.01	1.10	0.78
Bay of Plenty	1.67	0.86	-	0.78	-	-	-	1.02	0.91
Canterbury	1.28	1.03	-	0.94	1.26	-	-	0.71	1.28
Gisborne / Hawkes Bay	3.03	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.94
Manawatu Whanganui	1.34	-	-	1.77	2.66	-	-	1.35	-
Northland	1.14	1.83	-	-	-	-	2.93	1.25	-
Otago	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Southland	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Taranaki	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tasman / Nelson / Marlborough / West Coast region	2.12	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.76	-
Waikato	1.05	0.92	-	0.94	1.53	-	1.33	0.87	1.09
Wellington	1.41	1.01	-	0.81	-	-	-	0.95	1.44

Tenure

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure
Housing New Zealand	0.15	-	5.84	4.77	-	10.2	7.80	3.33	1.26
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Owned	2.47	0.63	0.89	0.52	-	-	-	0.32	0.95
Private Rental	0.58	1.84	-	1.24	2.55	-	1.26	1.78	1.06

Tenure (detailed)

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Tenure (detailed)
Housing New Zealand	0.15	-	5.84	4.77	-	10.2	7.80	3.33	1.26
Mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mortgage payments	2.48	0.83	-	0.48	-	-	-	0.40	0.89
No mortgage payments	2.50	-	5.00	-	-	-	-	-	1.66
No rent payments	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rent payments	0.56	1.92	-	1.29	2.65	-	1.31	1.80	1.04
Trust, mortgage not defined	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, mortgage payments	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trust, no mortgage payments	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not specifed	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Asian

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Asian
FALSE	1.03	0.90	0.90	0.86	1.07	1.2	1.08	1.12	0.91
TRUE	0.99	1.57	1.58	1.81	-	-	-	0.52	1.35

European

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
European
FALSE	0.58	1.32	1.87	1.57	0.99	1.98	1.85	1.38	1.47
TRUE	1.41	0.84	0.56	0.75	0.95	-	0.58	0.84	0.73

Maori

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Maori
FALSE	1.21	1.03	0.85	0.90	0.80	0.91	0.70	0.77	0.86
TRUE	0.65	0.92	1.20	1.29	1.43	-	1.89	1.77	1.32

Pacific

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Pacific
FALSE	1.15	1.00	0.94	0.98	1.03	-	0.74	0.78	0.96
TRUE	0.53	1.07	-	1.17	-	5.35	2.64	2.87	1.18

Family type

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family type
Single parent	0.36	1.90	1.61	1.98	3.32	2.86	2.42	1.93	0.90
Coupled parent	1.54	0.75	0.82	0.72	0.29	-	0.54	0.74	1.01

Number of children in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of children in the family
1	1.24	0.91	-	0.90	0.69	-	0.72	0.96	1.12
2	1.18	1.11	0.91	0.89	0.89	-	0.62	0.78	0.98
3+	0.73	0.96	1.39	1.25	1.30	2.12	1.77	1.39	0.94

Age of child

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Age of child
<3	1.17	1.04	-	1.15	1.02	-	-	1.19	0.87
3 to 4	1.11	1.08	-	0.81	0.99	-	0.85	1.15	0.94
5 to 11	0.96	1.11	1.10	0.93	1.21	1.25	0.97	1.00	0.96
12+	1.02	0.85	1.12	1.17	0.77	-	1.16	0.93	1.15

Youngest child in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Youngest child in the family
<3	0.88	1.14	0.94	1.26	1.11	-	0.97	1.25	0.95
3 to 4	1.06	1.11	-	0.80	1.35	-	0.93	1.26	0.76
5 to 11	1.06	0.97	1.00	0.93	1.09	-	1.03	0.95	0.96
12+	1.21	0.86	0.89	1.06	-	-	1.07	0.73	1.33

Oldest person in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Oldest person in the family
<18	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18-30	0.56	1.63	-	1.24	2.54	-	1.87	2.01	0.80
31-40	0.89	1.32	0.71	1.12	1.39	-	1.01	1.20	0.78
41-50	1.42	0.72	0.88	0.88	0.41	-	0.72	0.67	1.09
51-64	1.24	0.76	1.85	0.80	-	-	0.94	0.93	1.09
65+	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Number of people in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH

Number of families in the household

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of families in the household
1	1.03	1.28	0.73	1.00	1.36	0.73	1.18	0.85	0.49
2	1.13	0.61	1.96	0.96	-	-	-	1.28	1.70
3	1.02	-	-	1.42	-	-	-	1.89	2.55
4	1.44	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.19
5	Inf	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Parents’ highest qualification

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Parents’ highest qualification
N/A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
None	0.39	1.78	-	2.20	2.52	-	3.55	1.99	1.00
Secondary School	0.71	0.78	1.79	1.62	1.60	-	1.39	1.38	1.22
Cert/Diploma	0.95	0.95	0.87	0.90	1.17	-	0.90	1.22	1.28
Degree	2.21	1.16	-	0.49	-	-	-	0.45	0.69
Post Grad	2.36	0.82	0.94	0.54	-	-	-	0.41	0.63

A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
A parent is currently working full time (according to HES)
FALSE	1.52	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.88
TRUE	1.52	0.87	0.74	0.65	0.52	-	0.30	0.89	0.82
Missing data	0.15	1.94	2.42	3.44	4.23	7.86	5.48	1.69	1.66

Number of earners in the family

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Number of earners in the family
0	0.14	1.81	2.82	4.56	4.59	7.59	6.14	1.42	1.13
1	0.62	1.54	1.75	1.52	1.38	-	0.99	1.70	1.05
2	2.91	0.56	-	0.16	-	-	-	0.57	0.95
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family private (non-benefit) income (decile)
Decile 1: <$1	0.13	1.86	-	4.77	5.36	7.55	7.13	1.74	0.93
Decile 2: $1-$3,500	0.19	1.79	-	4.96	7.76	-	4.83	1.68	-
Decile 3: $3,500-$15,000	0.29	2.16	3.23	3.86	3.26	-	4.09	1.21	-
Decile 4: $15,000-$32,000	0.31	2.56	3.33	4.44	-	-	-	2.10	1.90
Decile 5: $32,000-$48,000	0.48	2.94	3.38	1.31	-	-	-	1.84	1.93
Decile 6: $48,000-$65,000	0.86	1.88	-	-	-	-	-	2.93	1.12
Decile 7: $65,000-$88,000	1.74	1.33	-	-	-	-	-	1.25	0.72
Decile 8: $88,000-$118,000	2.85	0.31	-	-	-	-	-	0.80	1.22
Decile 9: $118,000-$162,000	5.72	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.50	0.76
Decile 10: >$162,000	11.10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.80

Family’s main income source

Value	Relative risk
	Not in poverty	AHC50 only	BHC50 only	AHC50 and BHC50	Material Hardship and AHC50	Material Hardship and BHC50	Material Hardship, AHC50, and BHC50	Material Hardship only	Unknown MH
Family’s main income source
None	0.51	-	-	15.26	-	-	-	-	-
Benefits	0.12	2.01	2.18	3.83	5.62	9.96	6.81	1.51	0.97
Benefits with some work	0.12	3.56	-	3.75	9.02	-	4.52	2.38	-
Work with some benefits	0.40	2.80	-	1.40	-	-	1.84	2.98	1.62
Work	1.82	0.69	0.62	0.57	0.18	-	0.16	0.79	0.96