Analytical Note 24/10: Exploring trends in income inequality in New Zealand (2007 - 2023)
Fergus Cleveland & Meghan Stephens
2024-12-02
This technical report provides plots and statistical results for an Analytical Note: https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/an/an-24-10
The data used to create these plots are available in a GitHub repository: https://github.com/Treasury-Analytics-and-Insights/analytical-note-24-10-income-inequality-trends
Staff and teams are writing in their individual capacity and the views are not necessarily a “Treasury” view. Please read our disclaimer: https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/research-and-commentary/other-paper-series-and-details/disclaimer-research-and-commentary-publications
Disclaimer
These results are not official statistics. They have been created for research purposes from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) which is carefully managed by Stats NZ. For more information about the IDI please visit https://www.stats.govt.nz/integrated-data/.
The results are based in part on tax data supplied by Inland Revenue to Stats NZ under the Tax Administration Act 1994 for statistical purposes. Any discussion of data limitations or weaknesses is in the context of using the IDI for statistical purposes, and is not related to the data’s ability to support Inland Revenue’s core operational requirements.
Trends - All Measures
Smoothed
Unsmoothed
Combo
Trends - Individual Measures
Gini
## [1] "BHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.1093 -0.4747 0.1244 0.4148 1.1512
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 3.304e-01 1.913e-03 172.769 <2e-16 ***
## Year -6.429e-04 2.832e-04 -2.270 0.0409 *
## Year_sq -1.458e-04 6.506e-05 -2.242 0.0431 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.7426 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4078, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3166
## F-statistic: 4.475 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.03321## [1] "Peak year: 2012.79607949089"## [1] "2007: 0.32625320113582"## [1] "2023: 0.315967017071185"## [1] "AHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.46312 -0.32335 0.06067 0.48159 1.36915
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.3955586 0.0038821 101.892 < 2e-16 ***
## Year -0.0016062 0.0004649 -3.455 0.00427 **
## Year_sq -0.0002817 0.0001161 -2.427 0.03048 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.7857 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6206, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5622
## F-statistic: 10.63 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.001838## [1] "Peak year: 2012.14935736246"## [1] "2007: 0.390377590855804"## [1] "2023: 0.364677675166901"Theil
## [1] "BHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.1351 -0.1020 0.1225 0.4460 0.8202
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.1948050 0.0029040 67.081 <2e-16 ***
## Year -0.0006851 0.0003767 -1.818 0.0921 .
## Year_sq -0.0001522 0.0000891 -1.708 0.1114
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6372 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.2931, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1843
## F-statistic: 2.694 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.105## [1] "Peak year: 2012.74919720835"## [1] "2007: 0.190545687592627"## [1] "2023: 0.17958423791283"## [1] "AHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.4316 -0.1238 0.1298 0.6676 1.3421
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.2867158 0.0079799 35.930 2.14e-14 ***
## Year -0.0022380 0.0008622 -2.596 0.0222 *
## Year_sq -0.0004317 0.0002269 -1.902 0.0795 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.7951 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4651, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3828
## F-statistic: 5.652 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.01713## [1] "Peak year: 2012.40770640591"## [1] "2007: 0.276993220813566"## [1] "2023: 0.241184973701878"80/20 Ratio
90/10 Ratio
Mean Income
Median Income
Total Income
Households
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
## [1] "Note that 2017 point and confidence intervals not shown."90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
BHC
AHC
Both
Theil
Contribution
## [1] "BHC Linear Regression, Between household types"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.0020553 -0.0008341 -0.0002827 0.0012118 0.0022406
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.767e-02 3.606e-04 48.995 < 2e-16 ***
## Year -6.137e-04 7.613e-05 -8.061 1.25e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.001436 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8227, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8101
## F-statistic: 64.98 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 1.254e-06## [1] "AHC Linear Regression, Between household types"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.0045491 -0.0012942 -0.0004195 0.0014533 0.0069500
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.0227967 0.0007450 30.598 3.18e-14 ***
## Year -0.0007505 0.0001573 -4.771 0.000298 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.002967 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6192, Adjusted R-squared: 0.592
## F-statistic: 22.77 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.0002982## [1] "BHC Quadratic Regression, multi-adult"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.9200 -0.1983 0.2083 0.4847 0.7014
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.777e-02 1.329e-03 43.476 1.83e-15 ***
## Year -4.659e-04 1.773e-04 -2.628 0.0209 *
## Year_sq -5.387e-05 4.411e-05 -1.221 0.2437
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.5153 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3667, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2692
## F-statistic: 3.763 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.05136## [1] "Peak year: 2010.67612226874"## [1] "2007: 0.0580465440751716"## [1] "2023: 0.0505927220946861"## [1] "AHC Quadratic Regression, multi-adult"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.7192 -0.3964 0.1030 0.4574 1.4647
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.0896221 0.0039555 22.658 7.83e-12 ***
## Year -0.0008109 0.0004216 -1.924 0.0766 .
## Year_sq -0.0002067 0.0001143 -1.808 0.0938 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6634 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3502, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2502
## F-statistic: 3.503 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.06068## [1] "Peak year: 2013.03840257475"## [1] "2007: 0.0828806705922144"## [1] "2023: 0.069905846496072"## [1] "BHC Quadratic Regression, multi-adult with children"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.56533 -0.13396 -0.01534 0.28355 0.52990
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 7.302e-02 9.759e-04 74.821 <2e-16 ***
## Year 2.922e-04 1.380e-04 2.117 0.0541 .
## Year_sq -8.311e-05 3.146e-05 -2.641 0.0203 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.337 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.509, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4334
## F-statistic: 6.737 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.009824## [1] "Peak year: 2016.75769718509"## [1] "2007: 0.0653602606839033"## [1] "2023: 0.0700347905048603"## [1] "AHC Quadratic Regression, multi-adult with children"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.7192 -0.3964 0.1030 0.4574 1.4647
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.0896221 0.0039555 22.658 7.83e-12 ***
## Year -0.0008109 0.0004216 -1.924 0.0766 .
## Year_sq -0.0002067 0.0001143 -1.808 0.0938 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6634 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3502, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2502
## F-statistic: 3.503 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.06068## [1] "Peak year: 2013.03840257475"## [1] "2007: 0.0828806705922144"## [1] "2023: 0.069905846496072"## [1] "BHC Linear Regression, multi-adult 65+"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data, weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.3540 -0.2773 0.1559 0.5581 1.2700
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.0212382 0.0005706 37.221 2.11e-15 ***
## Year 0.0008040 0.0001066 7.545 2.69e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6496 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8026, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7885
## F-statistic: 56.92 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 2.691e-06## [1] "AHC Quadratic Regression, multi-adult 65+"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.1219 -0.1861 0.1745 0.5093 0.9202
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 3.412e-02 1.689e-03 20.206 3.34e-11 ***
## Year 5.223e-04 1.848e-04 2.825 0.0143 *
## Year_sq -1.081e-04 4.645e-05 -2.327 0.0367 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.5782 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4834, Adjusted R-squared: 0.404
## F-statistic: 6.083 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.01365## [1] "Peak year: 2017.41524414142"## [1] "2007: 0.0230268722909596"## [1] "2023: 0.0313828293061632"Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Senior and Non-Senior Households
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
## [1] "Senior BHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.0807 -0.1155 0.1966 0.3783 0.9123
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.2099052 0.0092182 22.771 3.05e-11 ***
## Year -0.0008037 0.0012373 -0.650 0.528
## Year_sq -0.0007796 0.0002847 -2.739 0.018 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.5895 on 12 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5117, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4304
## F-statistic: 6.288 on 2 and 12 DF, p-value: 0.01355## [1] "Peak year: 2013.48455490745"## [1] "2007: 0.177329555652085"## [1] "2021: 0.166077640728294"## [1] "Senior AHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.8783 -0.1319 0.1618 0.3354 0.8899
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.2709314 0.0109088 24.836 1.1e-11 ***
## Year -0.0014787 0.0014692 -1.006 0.33408
## Year_sq -0.0010579 0.0003433 -3.082 0.00951 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.5759 on 12 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5981, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5312
## F-statistic: 8.931 on 2 and 12 DF, p-value: 0.004212## [1] "Peak year: 2013.30116331578"## [1] "2007: 0.229442610040693"## [1] "2021: 0.208741314748638"## [1] "Non-senior BHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.1252 -0.1917 0.1581 0.4827 0.9838
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.2014720 0.0057933 34.777 2.04e-13 ***
## Year -0.0005156 0.0006197 -0.832 0.4216
## Year_sq -0.0004064 0.0001847 -2.200 0.0481 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6605 on 12 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3754, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2714
## F-statistic: 3.607 on 2 and 12 DF, p-value: 0.05935## [1] "Peak year: 2014.36563965455"## [1] "2007: 0.185166544275085"## [1] "2021: 0.177947521328675"## [1] "Non-senior AHC Quadratic WLS"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.0479 -0.2774 0.1723 0.3274 1.0785
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.2984870 0.0086051 34.687 2.1e-13 ***
## Year -0.0010054 0.0009306 -1.080 0.3012
## Year_sq -0.0007100 0.0002760 -2.573 0.0244 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6775 on 12 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4877, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4023
## F-statistic: 5.711 on 2 and 12 DF, p-value: 0.01809## [1] "Peak year: 2013.29196062376"## [1] "2007: 0.270734750107812"## [1] "2021: 0.25665883290718"With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Seniors by Work and Living Arrangements
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Contribution
## [1] "BHC Linear Regression, Between household types"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.012304 -0.003953 -0.001198 0.005187 0.011591
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.030005 0.001752 17.121 8.74e-11 ***
## Year 0.001298 0.000370 3.509 0.00347 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.00698 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4679, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4299
## F-statistic: 12.31 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.003474## [1] "AHC Linear Regression, Between household types"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.012415 -0.005975 -0.001755 0.006235 0.012865
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.034735 0.002065 16.818 1.11e-10 ***
## Year 0.001680 0.000436 3.853 0.00176 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.008226 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5147, Adjusted R-squared: 0.48
## F-statistic: 14.85 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.001756## [1] "BHC Linear Regression, senior single only, senior not working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data, weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.53240 -0.11493 0.08522 0.35123 1.51200
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.0168592 0.0009662 17.449 6.78e-11 ***
## Year -0.0010524 0.0001893 -5.558 7.05e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.5266 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6882, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6659
## F-statistic: 30.89 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 7.05e-05## [1] "AHC Linear Regression, senior single only, senior not working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data, weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.5738 -0.1313 0.1088 0.4841 1.5855
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.022642 0.001337 16.938 1.01e-10 ***
## Year -0.001269 0.000260 -4.882 0.000242 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.5872 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6299, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6035
## F-statistic: 23.83 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.0002424## [1] "BHC Quadratic Regression, senior couple only, senior not working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.91226 -0.04449 0.38214 0.69586 1.36454
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.129e-02 4.345e-03 9.505 3.23e-07 ***
## Year -1.021e-03 5.685e-04 -1.796 0.0957 .
## Year_sq 2.203e-05 1.393e-04 0.158 0.8767
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.7123 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1989, Adjusted R-squared: 0.07564
## F-statistic: 1.614 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.2366## [1] "Peak year: 2038.17422201781"## [1] "2007: 0.050873607827853"## [1] "2023: 0.0345339897656109"## [1] "AHC Quadratic Regression, senior couple only, senior not working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.9031 -0.1002 0.4506 0.7861 1.3827
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.308e-02 5.711e-03 9.296 4.17e-07 ***
## Year -1.141e-03 7.192e-04 -1.587 0.137
## Year_sq -6.280e-06 1.830e-04 -0.034 0.973
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.7594 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1629, Adjusted R-squared: 0.03411
## F-statistic: 1.265 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.3148## [1] "Peak year: 1924.12978017554"## [1] "2007: 0.0618132553521529"## [1] "2023: 0.0435519425551669"## [1] "BHC Quadratic Regression, senior single or couple with other adults, senior not working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.0216 -0.2358 0.1598 0.4878 1.1123
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 2.645e-02 2.491e-03 10.618 8.93e-08 ***
## Year -1.747e-04 4.439e-04 -0.394 0.700
## Year_sq 1.050e-04 8.782e-05 1.195 0.253
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.5811 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1036, Adjusted R-squared: -0.03436
## F-statistic: 0.7509 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.4914## [1] "Peak year: 2015.83229640384"## [1] "2007: 0.0345620119250213"## [1] "2023: 0.0317665495764143"## [1] "AHC Quadratic Regression, senior single or couple with other adults, senior not working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.1130 -0.1462 0.1460 0.5202 1.0823
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 3.781e-02 3.356e-03 11.267 4.43e-08 ***
## Year -7.612e-04 6.761e-04 -1.126 0.281
## Year_sq 6.265e-05 1.124e-04 0.558 0.587
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6129 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.09309, Adjusted R-squared: -0.04644
## F-statistic: 0.6672 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.5299## [1] "Peak year: 2021.07502276554"## [1] "2007: 0.0479079033988163"## [1] "2023: 0.0357281058626074"## [1] "BHC Linear Regression, senior single or couple with other adults, senior working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data, weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.2822 0.2243 0.4901 0.8974 1.0596
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.0080476 0.0010457 7.696 2.14e-06 ***
## Year 0.0007998 0.0001821 4.393 0.000613 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.8269 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5796, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5496
## F-statistic: 19.3 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.0006126## [1] "AHC Linear Regression, senior single or couple with other adults, senior working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data, weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.3762 0.3300 0.6415 0.9843 1.2908
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.0095086 0.0013253 7.175 4.75e-06 ***
## Year 0.0009367 0.0002300 4.072 0.00114 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.913 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5422, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5095
## F-statistic: 16.58 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.001143## [1] "BHC Quadratic Regression, senior couple only, senior working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.92842 0.04964 0.34595 0.61722 0.85824
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 3.740e-02 4.222e-03 8.860 7.19e-07 ***
## Year 8.887e-04 4.539e-04 1.958 0.0721 .
## Year_sq -6.209e-05 1.183e-04 -0.525 0.6084
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6529 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.2307, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1123
## F-statistic: 1.949 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.1818## [1] "Peak year: 2022.15597439527"## [1] "2007: 0.0263190258008999"## [1] "2023: 0.0405376539811081"## [1] "AHC Quadratic Regression, senior couple only, senior working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year + Year_sq, data = regression_data,
## weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.99240 -0.08241 0.32143 0.60673 0.91489
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.855e-02 5.238e-03 9.270 4.31e-07 ***
## Year 7.136e-04 5.777e-04 1.235 0.239
## Year_sq -8.044e-05 1.474e-04 -0.546 0.595
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6413 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1103, Adjusted R-squared: -0.02654
## F-statistic: 0.8061 on 2 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.4677## [1] "Peak year: 2019.43577622132"## [1] "2007: 0.0376959695615222"## [1] "2023: 0.0491140998926113"## [1] "BHC Quadratic Regression, senior single only, senior working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data, weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.75644 0.00936 0.11058 0.41297 0.78932
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.783e-03 3.463e-04 13.810 1.51e-09 ***
## Year 2.702e-04 6.951e-05 3.888 0.00164 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.4602 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5191, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4848
## F-statistic: 15.11 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.001641## [1] "AHC Quadratic Regression, senior single only, senior working"##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Value ~ Year, data = regression_data, weights = 1/(Margin_Of_Error^2))
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.6965 -0.1647 0.2050 0.4681 1.0271
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 6.488e-03 4.765e-04 13.616 1.82e-09 ***
## Year 3.492e-04 9.168e-05 3.809 0.00192 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.4978 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5089, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4739
## F-statistic: 14.51 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.001916Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Additional Results
The following results are not included in the Analytical Note. Please contact the authors for more information.
Seniors by Working Arrangements
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Seniors by Living Arrangements
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Multi-adult Households with Children (by Age of Youngest Child)
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
BHC
AHC
Both
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Multi-adult Households with Children (by Age of Oldest Adult)
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
## [1] "Note that 65+ falls outside the y-axis range of the AHC 90/10 Ratio plot"With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
BHC
AHC
Both
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Multi-adult Households without Children
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
BHC
AHC
Both
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
CPI Regions
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
Output Regions
Measures
Gini
Standard
With Errors
Theil
Standard
With Errors
80/20 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
90/10 Ratio
Standard
With Errors
Mean Income
Standard
With Errors
Median Income
Standard
With Errors
Total Income
Standard
With Errors
Income and Population Shares
Theil
Contribution
Breakdown
Standard
With Errors
